The objectives of this research is to find out underwater information such as water depth and position of the underwater target using Multibeam and Side Scan Sonar instruments. These instruments are hydroacoustic instrument capable for detecting bathymetry and determine the condition of the sea bottom.
The increased human activity in the marine sector, such as dredging operations, oil and gas exploration, mineral sands mining and various marine research has led to an imperative demand for accurate seafloor maps. Sub-bottom profilers (SBP) are acoustic systems traditionally used to image sediment layers and rocks beneath the seabed, providing information about sediment thicknesses and stratigraphy. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to determine the profile of the seafloor sediment layer (near-surface sediment) and obtain the value of the reflection coefficient of the layer. The process of data acquisition was conducted using SBP type of a single channel sparker by BPPT that was the survey of oil and gas pipeline maintenance and electrical cable Pertamina in 2010, which was on the east coast Balongan, Indramayu. Whereas for seafloor sediment sampling was used gravity corer. The results of the processing of the raw data with Matlab nearby B19 have been obtained 2D profile of seabed sediments and reflector, which was clearly visible and had a reflection coefficient value range 0 to 0.2955. In addition, an analytical technique for parameter estimation of sediment from laboratory data was performed as a comparison. The result of sediment in the form of silt with reflection coefficient value was 0.2807.Keywords: reflection coefficient, signal processing, sub-bottom profiler, two dimensional ABSTRAKPeningkatan aktivitas manusia di bidang kelautan seperti operasi pengerukan (dredging), eksplorasi minyak dan gas, penambangan pasir mineral, dan berbagai penelitian kelautan telah mengakibatkan permintaan yang mendesak terhadap peta dasar laut yang akurat. Sub-bottom Profiler (SBP) adalah sistem akustik tradisional yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan lapisan sedimen dan batuan di bawah dasar laut, serta memberikan informasi tentang ketebalan sedimen dan stratigrafinya. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menentukan profil lapisan sedimen dasar laut (near-surface sediment) dan memperoleh nilai koefisien refleksi dari lapisan tersebut. Proses akuisisi data dilakukan menggunakan SBP jenis sparker single channel oleh BPPT, yaitu survei pemeliharaan pipa migas dan kabel listrik Pertamina tahun 2010 yang berada di sebelah timur pantai Balongan, Indramayu. Pengambilan sampel sedimen dasar laut menggunakan gravity corer. Hasil dari pengolahan data mentah SBP dengan Matlab di dekat lokasi B19 diperoleh profil 2D dari lapisan sedimen dimana terlihat jelas dasar laut dan reflektornya serta memiliki nilai koefisien refleksi berkisar 0-0.2955. Selain itu teknik analitis untuk estimasi parameter sedimen dari data laboratorium ditunjukkan sebagai pembanding. Hasil sedimennya berupa silt/lanau dengan nilai koefisien refleksinya adalah 0.2807. Kata kunci: dua dimensi, koefisien refleksi, pemrosesan sinyal, sub-bottom profiler
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