Cadmium is dangerous pollutant in environment because it is difficult to excrete out of the body. It causes disease in humans and animals. When the body absorbs large quantities of cadmium or when constantly exposed to small quantities, it is toxic to the body. Cadmium affects many parts of the body, the most important of which are the liver, kidneys, lungs, and testes. Both the liver and the kidney are considered organs to excrete toxins, such as heavy metals. Therefore, they are most influenced by cadmium. This study focuses on the toxicity of cadmium in the liver, kidneys, lungs and testes and its toxic effects on the histological, cellular, and functional level of each organ. We will discuss the mechanism through which cadmium causes damage to the organs of the body and the interaction that results from it.
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a rare cause, excluding alcoholics, of communityacquired pneumonia. Klebsiella can resemble lung tuberculosis because it occurs with hemoptysis and lesions of the lumen. K. Pneumoniae is an infection hard to handle because of the organism's thickened capsule. Klebsiella is best handled with cephalosporins, quinolones or carbapenems of the third and fourth century. In lung inflammation, monotherapy is just as effective as combination therapy because newer agents are used. Older agents with less Klebsiella involvement were used for successful treatment in the past. Initially, the patient that we attended was believed to have pulmonary tuberculosis and the recommended medication was ceftriaxone monotherapy until it was discovered to be pneumococcal disease. The patient was initially treated with injection, then orally for 3 weeks. The purpose of this article is to address this type of bacteria, its epidemiology, virulence factors and treatment methods, due to its widespread spread within the country, which causes many respiratory diseases and can share with other pathogens such as viruses, particularly the Corona virus, which can inevitably cause death in a particular individual.
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