Deep Brain Stimulation involving the stereotactic implantation of electrodes in the deeper neural tissue remains one of the most trusted non-pharmacotherapeutic approaches for neuromodulation in the clinical setting. The recent advent of techniques that can modulate the neural structure and/or function at the cellular level has stimulated the exploration of these strategies in managing neurological and psychiatric disorders. Optogenetics, which is widely employed in experimental research, is the prototype of the above techniques. Other methods, such as chemogenetics, sonogenetics, and magnetogenetics have also been introduced. Although these strategies possess several noticeable differences, they have an overlapping conceptual framework enabling their classification under a singular hypernym. This paper introduces this hypernym, ′stimulogenetics′ in an attempt to solve the pertinent ambiguity to aid the classification of existing literature. The paper also compares the strategies classified under stimulogenetics and concludes that the current literature suggests that non-invasive approaches such as chemogenetics and sonogenetics are better suited for clinical applications. However, due to the dearth of clinical studies, it is not possible to determine this definitively.
COVID-19 has taken a massive toll on the planet, claiming over 3 million lives and infecting nearly 150 million people. (1) This highly contagious multisystem disease is caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 strain. Originating in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the infection rapidly pervaded the globe, being declared a public health emergency by the WHO on January 30, 2020, and a pandemic on March 11, 2020. (2) Despite closely resembling the SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, the causative agents of two global pandemics in 2003, the SARS-CoV-2 varies widely in the presentation instead of the predicted trajectory. (3) Significant progress has been made in understanding the virus, the infection, and developing treatment protocols. Nevertheless, the long-term effects of COVID remain unknown.
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