Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a major cause of acute kidney injury. Several studies have shown that renin angiotensin (Ang) system and activation of Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1) are involved in various forms of kidney diseases. Likewise, Ang 1-7 as a physiologic antagonist of AT1 and losartan could possibly protect the kidney against I/R damage. Therefore, we investigated renal injury by administering the drugs before and after I/R. Fifty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups as follows. 1, Sham operated; 2, saline group (as a control group); 3, losartan group; 4, Ang 1-7group; and 5, Ang 1-7 + losartan simultaneously. It should be noted that groups 2-5 consisted of two separate I/R-induced subgroups both receiving medication where the first groups received the treatment 15 min before induction of I/R while the medications were given to the second groups immediately after induction of I/R. Twenty four h after I/R, blood samples were collected, and then levels of serum urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), nitrite, malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured. Likewise, nitrite, MDA and TAC were measured in the homogenized kidney tissues. After the induction of I/R, the BUN, Cr, LDH, and kidney tissue damage score increased. Administration of Ang 1-7 alone or simultaneously with losartan decreased the levels of aforementioned factors. Also, kidney MDA and nitrate levels significantly increased after I/R induction (P < 0.05). According to the results of this study, it can be claimed that the effect of losartan in the presence of Mas receptor is statistically significant and kidney damage dramatically decreases.
In this experimental study, 68 adult Wistar rats made the subject of the study. Administration of vitamin E and C, in an individual manner, can have some more favorable effects on urea, creatinine and nitrite level in GM nephrotoxicity than their coadministration. On the other hand, there is a gender difference, in response to vitamin E and C in which male gender responded more favorably to the antioxidant vitamins.
Background: Nephrotoxicity is the most recognized side effect of gentamicin. Vitamin E and vitamin C demonstrate their effective role in the prevention of nephrotoxicity. Likewise, previous studies have suggested that women have low risk of end-stage renal disease at premenopausal period. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the possibility of any gender difference in response to antioxidant effects vitamins E and C in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups each including both male and female rats. The first and second groups received saline (control group) and almond oil, the third group received gentamicin. The fourth group received a regular dose of gentamicin + vitamin E. Similarly, the fifth group received a regular dose of gentamicin + vitamin C. The sixth group received a dose of gentamicin + vitamin C and E simultaneously constantly. This protocol continued for 9 days. Results: Gentamicin increased significantly urea, creatinine (Cr) and malondialdehyde (MDA), but it decreased superoxidase dismutase (SOD) level (P < 0.05). Treatment with antioxidant vitamins improved urea, creatinine, MDA, and SOD serum level significantly in both genders (P <0.05). Likewise, kidney MDA level enhanced significantly (P <0.05) and treatment with antioxidant vitamins reduced MDA level too (P <0.05). Gentamicin decreased kidney SOD activity in male and female rats (P <0.05). However, treatment with antioxidant vitamins did not improve its level in male rats, while in female rats, vitamins E and C compensated for kidney SOD activity. Conclusions: Antioxidant vitamins modified gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in both genders, with some difference in response to vitamins E and C between the genders, that was higher in female rats.
Background: Thalassemia is one of the most prevalent genetic disorders with numerous physical and psychological side effects. Spiritual wellbeing and spiritual coping are important resources for dealing with the complications of chronic diseases. Objectives: The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between spiritual coping and spiritual wellbeing in patients with beta-thalassemia major in Zahedan in 2016.Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 150 β-thalassemia major patients who referred to the Special Diseases Clinic of Ali Asghar Hospital of Zahedan in 2016. A convenience sampling was employed, and data collection tools included a clinical and demographic questionnaire and the Spiritual Coping and Wellbeing Questionnaire. The data were then analyzed by SPSS21 using statistical tests including Pearson's correlation coefficient, independent t test, and one-way variance analysis.Results: There was a positive significant relationship between the mean score of spiritual wellbeing (81.05 ± 30.79) and the mean score of spiritual coping (40.47 ± 11.81) in β-thalassemia major patients (P = 0.001). Conclusions:The improvement of spiritual coping entails boosting spiritual wellbeing. Given the positive impact of spiritual wellbeing on coping with symptoms in patients with chronic diseases, it is possible to promote the quality of life of these patients by enhancing their spiritual coping.
Background & aim: Thymol is a phenolic monoterpene that has been reported its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in previous studies and appears to have a protective role for the liver against damage caused by free radicals. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effects of Thymol on non-alcoholic fatty liver caused by chronic immobility stress in rats. Methods:The present experimental study was conducted in 2020. 24 Wistar rats were included in the study and divided into 3 equal groups; Control sham, negative control and treatment (Thymol recipient at a dose of 100 mg/kg). After 60 days, the mice were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine and blood samples were taken from the heart and the whole liver was removed for histological examination. Inflammatory factors including IL-6 and TNF-α, antioxidant enzymes including; GPx, SOD and catalase, fat profiles including LDL, HDL, triglyceride and total cholesterol as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) were examined. The collected data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Turkey's post hoc test. Results:The results indicated that in the fatty liver group, the amount of antioxidant enzymes decreased and fat factors and the amount of MDA increased. While treatment with Thymol was able to bring these factors closer to normal. Pathological results exposed that Thymol can reduce the amount of damage caused to non-alcoholic fatty liver by reducing cell necrosis. Conclusion:The present study revealed that Thymol with antioxidant properties can improve non-alcoholic fatty liver function due to chronic immobility stress by reducing inflammatory markers, increasing antioxidant indices and reducing cell necrosis.
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