The methods of preparation of endiine and endiallene diols by interaction of cis-1,4-dibrombutene and cis-1,4-dichlorrbutene with monosubstituted acetylene alcohols in presence of the catalytic systems consisting of one-iodide copper, triethylamine and K 2 СО 3 in a medium of dimethylformamide have been developed. It has been shown that unlike 1,4-dibrombutene, the nucleophilic substitution reaction with 1,4-dichlorbutene proceeds by acetylene-allene isomerization with formation of endiallene diols. It has been established that the endiine diols can be used in thin organic synthesis (in the reactions of oxidation, splitting, dehydration, epoxidation, hydrolysis, 1,2-cycloaddition and hypochlorination) with the aim of preparation of practically useful substances. It has been revealed during hydrolysis of epoxide compounds by the chemical and microbiological methods that in the course of microbiological hydrolysis (Aspеrgillus niger), the optically active trans-structured diols are formed.
The chemical and microbiological hydrolyses of epoxide compounds of acetylene series have been comparatively carried out. It has been shown that as distinguished from chemical one in microbiological hydrolysis along with corresponding optically active glycols, ketoalcohols of acetylene series are also formed. It has been also defined that the synthesized glycols of acetylene series have bactericide properties related to sulfate-reducing bacteria at concentration of 100 -200 mg/l. It has been established that an introduction of electron-acceptor chlorine atoms in molecules influence on decreasing of bactericide activity of acetylene glycols.
The role of Paenibacillus naphthalenovorans biofilm formation in degrading a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) (naphthalene) was investigated via an array of microscopy techniques. The early stages of biofilm formation near a naphthalene crystal that was deposited on a glass coverslip were assayed qualitatively by growing the biofilms in batch bioreactors using either a rich carbon medium or a medium which contained naphthalene as a lone carbon source. Our results demonstrated that the biofilm selectively grew immediately adjacent to the edge of the PAH crystal, leading to a biofilm that facilitated the PAH degradation. Moreover, because PAH compounds are often found in capillary spaces in the subsurface, quantitative capillary-experiments were executed to evaluate the ability of P. naphthalenovorans biofilms in the degradation of a capillary-bound PAH contaminant. These capillary-experiments demonstrated that a biofilm forms at the pore’s opening, and that, when compared to a diffusion process in a liquid medium, this biofilm substantially increased the rate at which the PAH is cleared from the pore. These results provide an enhanced understanding of the means of biofilm adhesion and development in a presence of the model PAH compound investigated. Moreover, the work presented here demonstrates approaches not used before for monitoring biofilm formation.
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