BACKGROUND: Viral hepatitis is a global problem and one of its types, Hepatitis B has remarkablemorbidity and mortality. WHO classifies countries as low, intermediate and high endemicity regions onthe basis of Hepatitis B carrier rate.OBJECTIVE: To find out any gaps in the recording of data on Hepatitis-B testsMATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from previous record of five years (2010-14) was collectedthrough structured proformas from the laboratory of a teaching hospital in the central districts of KhyberPakhtunkhwa and analyzed through MS Excell 2007.Descriptive measures were calculated. Name of thehospital is not disclosed for ethical reasons.RESULTS: Mean of tests performed was 3081 per month. A total of 1757 (0.95%) tests were positivefor Hepatitis B in five years data. Lowest number of tests was noted for 2010 and highest for 2014.CONCLUSION: Information on Hepatitis B suspected and confirmed cases is insufficient.KEY WORDS: Hepatitis B, Documentation, Teaching Hospital, Immunochromatography
Recently, electronics devices, cognitive computing, and sensing enable the deployment of internet-of-things (IoTs) with a huge application domain. However, resource constraints such as low computing powers or limited storage leave IoTs infrastructures vulnerable to a variety of cyber-attacks. In dark-net the address space developed as designated unrestricted internet address space anticipated to be used by trustworthy hosts anywhere in the world, therefore, any communication activity is presumed to be unwanted and particularly treated as a probe, backscatter, or miss-configuration. This chapter investigates and evaluates the operation of dark-net traffic detection systems in IoTs networks. Moreover, the most recent work done to ensure security in the IoTs network has been discussed. In particular, the areas of privacy provisioning, lightweight cryptographic framework, secure routing, robustness, and DoS attacks have been addressed. Moreover, based on the analysis of existing state-of-the-art protocols, the security requirements and challenges are highlighted along with identified open issues.
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