In this paper, we present the design of a compact and highly sensitive microwave sensor based on a metamaterial complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR), for liquid characterization at microwave frequencies. The design consists of a two-port microstrip-fed rectangular patch resonating structure printed on a 20 × 28 mm2 Roger RO3035 substrate with a thickness of 0.75 mm, a relative permittivity of 3.5, and a loss tangent of 0.0015. A CSRR is etched on the ground plane for the purpose of sensor miniaturization. The investigated liquid sample is put in a capillary glass tube lying parallel to the surface of the sensor. The parallel placement of the liquid test tube makes the design twice as efficient as a normal one in terms of sensitivity and Q factor. By bending the proposed structure, further enhancements of the sensor design can be obtained. These changes result in a shift in the resonant frequency and Q factor of the sensor. Hence, we could improve the sensitivity 10-fold compared to the flat structure. Subsequently, two configurations of sensors were designed and tested using CST simulation software, validated using HFSS simulation software, and compared to structures available in the literature, obtaining good agreement. A prototype of the flat configuration was fabricated and experimentally tested. Simulation results were found to be in good agreement with the experiments. The proposed devices exhibit the advantage of exploring multiple rapid and easy measurements using different test tubes, making the measurement faster, easier, and more cost-effective; therefore, the proposed high-sensitivity sensors are ideal candidates for various sensing applications.
In this work, we propose a metamaterial-based microwave sensor. The main body of the proposed sensor is a microstrip coupled complementary spiral rectangular resonator (CSRR). At resonance, a strong electric field is established along the sides of the CSRR creating a very sensitive area to change in the nearby of the dielectric environment. The enhanced proposed contactless sensor uses liquid samples placed normal to the sensor surface retained within capillary glass tubes. Quick analysis of the liquid dielectric properties is carried out by simply replacing the capillary tube with a new sample.The introduced liquid sample shifts the resonance frequency and alters the peak attenuation of the CSRR resonance. The liquid sample dielectric properties may be estimated by establishing an empirical relationship between the resonance characteristics and the liquid complex relative permittivity. In this work, we could improve our device by simple changing of the CSRR shape of a recently published work, this makes improvement on the characteristics of the sensor and lower its working frequency to 1.8GHz.
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