Background. Heavy metals contamination threatens groundwater resources in many areas around the world. Various methods to evaluate groundwater quality have been used to characterize sources of contamination and associated parameters. For assessment of heavy metals contamination, calculation of pollution indices is an effective tool for assessing water quality. Objectives. The purpose of the present study was to assess heavy metal concentrations and determine distributions in Saïs plain, Morocco using multivariate analysis. Methods. A total of 144 groundwater samples were collected from twelve stations in Saïs from January 2018 to January 2019, and were analyzed for heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, total chromium, lead, copper, iron, manganese and zinc) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results. Chromium was found to be a major contaminant affecting water quality in Station 2 (0.057 mg/l) and Station 8 (0.065 mg/l), while elevated levels of iron were found in Station 7 (1.4 mg/l) and Station 11 (0.45 mg/l), and elevated levels of copper (2.9 mg/l) and zinc (3.39 mg/l) were found in Station 11, relative to other heavy metals. The high concentrations of these elements are related to anthropogenic pollutants. The factor analysis showed two components controlling groundwater chemistry. The results of the present study demonstrate that the concentrations of toxic metals, like Fe and Cr, are present in slight excess in one or two stations during one season. The calculated heavy metal pollution level for the groundwater of Saïs plain was below the index limit of 100. Conclusions. The results show that groundwater is not polluted with respect to heavy metals and is acceptable for drinking. However, precautionary measures, such as managing the use of agricultural inputs and avoiding the use of wastewater in agriculture, are recommended in this area. Competing Interests. The authors declare no completing financial interests
ABSTRACT:The release of the wastes containing polybrominated diphenyl ethers into the environment is a worldwide major concern. Investigation of spatial and temporal variations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers concentrations due to different factors, especially the transport of these species between air and water as well as between air and soil is the purpose of present research. A model was developed and solved using the methods of finite difference and lines. Simulations were implemented for three dimensions of width, length, and height and also time for the air compartment, whereas for the soil and water compartments, variations were considered only with respect to height and time. Transport between water and soil was disregarded for simplicity at this stage. Vancouver's landfill was considered as a case study. Lower concentrations in air and higher concentrations in water at the interface show that these pollutants tend to diffuse from air to water. Concentrations of all four pollutants decrease near the interface in soil as time passes, but they are predicted to be almost constant at other levels.
Keywords:Saïs plain, Groundwater Microbiology contamination MoroccoThe groundwater of Saïs plain is the main drinking-water supply of Fez-Meknes region (Saïs basin) in Morocco. A large number of people living in this region depend on groundwater drawn from open dug wells for their daily water requirements. The main purpose of this study is to identify the major factors affecting groundwater quality by means an analysis of the microbial composition. The quality of 144 groundwater wells is evaluated in the Saïs plain according to microbiological measurements. The enumeration of total aerobic mesophilic flora, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella and cholera vibrio were performed by the membrane filtration technique.The results showed that the most of the water points studied are contaminated by Fecal coliforms, Total coliforms, Fecal streptococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, their number in the waters of the analyzed wells exceeds the WHO recommendation and the Moroccan standards (0 CFU/ 100 ml). The bacterial load varies from one well to another with a slight seasonal variation. The quality of the water Saïs plain may be improved by cleaning of the groundwater sources, removal of organic matter from the water, addition of a disinfectant or the boiling of drinking water before use. The study recommends regular monitoring of drinking water sources in this area for the presence of pathogenic bacteria.
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