Nonedible vegetable-based oil was recently explored due to the demand for a sustainable element in a machining process. The aim of this study is to critically analyse the tribological performance of nanofluid from nonedible (modified jatropha oil, MJO) nanofluid added with activated carbon nanoparticles. The tribology test was conducted through four-ball test using various concentration ratios of nanoparticles. According to the findings, MJOa2 (0.025wt.% activated carbon in MJO) showed the lowest coefficient of friction and mean wear scar diameter, produced a smoother surface with low surface roughness value, followed by MJOa3 (0.05wt.% activated carbon in MJO), MJOa1 (0.01wt.% activated carbon in MJO) and synthetic ester (SE). Therefore, MJOa2 was considerably suitable for metalworking fluid application which emphasizing the element of sustainability.
Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a non-contact thermal machining process capable of machining conductive and semi-conductive materials. These capabilities bring to admission of machining materials that characteristically difficult to machine such as Inconel 718 due to its ability to maintain hardness at elevated temperature. Nickel based super alloy, Inconel 718 is one of the difficult to machine material that widely used in such high temperature application. The purpose of the study is to examine the Inconel 718 machinability by applied variable parameters such as peak current, pulse duration and repetitive used of electrode. To obtain the high performance measure in EDM, the selected peak currents were high where it is from 20 to 40A while for pulse duration is from 200 to 4μs. The performance measure that being evaluated are material removal rate (MRR), surface topography and machining accuracy. This research used Copper as electrode due to its high electrical conductivity and achieved highly in MRR. With the series of repetition used of electrode, the carbon layer known as black layer will formed at the surface contact of electrode. The relationship between the parameters and performance measure were more profound through the combination of machining parameters and black layer on the electrode. At high material removal rate, the surface topography of Inconel 718 look rougher with bigger sizes of nodules and craters produced. In the case of machining accuracy, it was found that, overall diameter overcut are less than 3.47%. The result shows that, even applying high peak current and pulse duration, the results of the machining accuracy is still acceptable.
Fabrication of medical implant using composite Polycaprolactone (PCL) / Polylactic Acid (PLA) through a process of fused filament fabrication (FFF) is the future of medical field. In this study the capabilities of FFF process and optimization of the Parameter was investigated to achieve the 20mm × 20mm × 10mm dimensional accuracy of printed composite material. Design of experiment using technique full factorial with two level design is used to study the interaction of factor which is print temperature (A), height of deposition (B), print speed (C) and travel speed (D). By using DOE, the total 20 run include with 4 center point was investigated by extruding the composite material using 3D printer. The dimension accuracy is tested using flexible measuring machine. From the sample, the ANOVA analysis of variance is divided into 3 responses, length, width and height. Factor model A, C and BD show the significant effect on length and for width response, factor model effected the dimensional accuracy is A, C, AC, and AD. Meanwhile for height respond only factor model A and C show the significant effect on the respond. Based on the analysis, one optimum parameter run is selected among ten of the suggested run. The optimum parameter value consists of 136°C print temperature, 0.12mm deposition of height, 20mm/s printing speed and 22mm/s travel speed. The confirmation run analysis this optimum parameter shows the precise dimension with average margin error below that 15% for length, width and height respond.
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