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Background: Corona virus infection has become a public health problem in the 2020. This retrospective pilot study aims to determine the prevalence of risk factors and protective factors among patients with COVID-19. Study Design, case control study in a hospital Subjects and Methods: This study included 147 cases ofCOVID-19, confirmed by rt PCR test conducted by the Chief Medical Officer of Moradabad, India. Validated questionnaires as instruments/tools were used to diagnose risk factors and protective factors among patients (n=147), and age and sex-matched healthy subjects (n=150), above 18 years of age in both the groups. Results: The prevalence of risk factors, travel history in areas infected with COVID-19, contact with Jamat, tobacco consumption, Western-type diet were significantly (P< 0.05) more common among patients with COVID-19 compared to the control group. Congested housing and over-crowding in the house were also significantly (P<0.01) more common among patients compared with control subjects. There were a significantly(P<0.01) lower prevalence of physical activity, music listening, yoga practice, moderate alcohol intake, and intake of herbs and nutraceuticals among COVID-19 patients compared to the control group. Conclusions: Travel from COVID-19 infected area, contact with Jamat, tobacco consumption, Western-type foods, congested housing, and overcrowding in houses were significant risk factors among patients with COVID-19. Lack of physical activity, quarantine in house, lockdown in house, lockdown in the street, and lockdown in the city as well as Indo-Mediterranean type diets, yoga practice, and moderate alcohol intake were possible protective factors which may inhibit COVID-19 and its complications.

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Objectives: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of canagliflozin 100 mg (cana 100) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in an actual practice setting and to determine the effect of Canagliflozin on determinants of adiposity like body weight and body mass index (BMI). Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we used the private clinic medical records database. We included individuals with T2DM who were initiated Canagliflozin 100 mg at any time before 24 weeks (± 2 weeks). Changes in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), post-prandial glucose (PPG), body weight, BMI, occurrence of adverse effects/events at 12 and 24 weeks from baseline were evaluated. Results: We identified 50 individuals with T2DM who were initiated with Cana 100 mg 24weeks (± 2 weeks) prior to collection of data. Individuals were, on average 53.3 ± 6.23 years old and 28% were female. Mean HbA1c, FPG, PPG, SBP, DBP, weight, BMI at baseline were 8.4%, 158.7 mg/dl, 236.5 mg/dl, 124.9 mm Hg, 82.3 mm Hg, 71.1 kg and 27.2 kg/m2 respectively. At 12 weeks, mean HbA1c decreased by 0.9%, PPG reduced by 53.6 mg/dl, weight decreased by 1.4 kg, BMI reduced by 0.5 kg/m2. At 24 weeks, outcomes were improved further: 1.6% reduction in HbA1c, 30.4 mg/dl reduction in FPG, 76.1 mg/dl reduction in PPG, 2.1 kg reduction in weight, 0.8 kg/m2 reduction in BMI. 6 patients reported incidence of genital infections and was treated symptomatically. Discussion: In clinical trials, Canagliflozin 100 mg has shown efficacy in reducing HbA1c, FPG, PPG, SBP, DBP and body weight. The present study demonstrated efficacy of Cana 100 mg in T2DM patients under real world setting with similar reductions in HbA1c and body weight but slightly higher reductions in FPG and PPG than those shown in clinical trials. The study also showed reductions in determinants of adiposity like body weight and BMI. Conclusion: The real-world data suggests that Cana 100 mg improved parameters of glycemic control, adiposity and body weight in T2DM patients in line with clinical trial outcomes. Disclosure S. Chakravorty: None.

Increased incidence of musculoskeletal disorders has been linked with diabetes mellitus (DM). Focus of antidiabetic therapy is prominently towards controlling blood glucose levels along with prevention and management of micro-and macrovascular complications. These complaints often receive less attention and are undertreated. No specific drug treatment has been recommended for the management of musculoskeletal complications of DM. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) decreases joint inflammation and pain in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In India, due to its proven antidiabetic effect, it is officially approved for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Due to its antiinflammatory and antidiabetic effect, it may alter the clinical course of musculoskeletal complications in T2DM patients. We report a case of 55-year-old male patient, diagnosed with T2DM since last 6 years. The patient had bilateral musculoskeletal involvement of upper extremities at the time of presentation. He had difficulty in moving smaller joints of hand, closing of fist and trigger finger, all suggestive of diabetic hand syndrome. Good improvement in joint mobility was observed after initiation of HCQ 400 mg once daily as add-on to existing antidiabetic regimen. HCQ was found to be effective in relieving symptoms of musculoskeletal complications as well as controlling blood glucose level in our patient. More clinical studies investigating use of HCQ in diabetic musculoskeletal complications are warranted. (Clin Diabetol 2021; 10

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