In Minneapolis-St Paul, Minnesota, factors such as cultural and linguistic diversity make it difficult for public health agencies to reach immigrant and racial/ethnic minority populations with health initiatives. Founded in 2006, the Minnesota Immunization Networking Initiative (MINI) is a community project that has provided more than 80 000 free influenza vaccinations to vulnerable populations, including immigrants and racial/ethnic minority groups. MINI administered 5910 vaccinations through 99 community-based vaccination clinics during the 2017-2018 influenza season and surveyed the clients in their own language about influenza vaccination knowledge and practices. Among those surveyed, 2545 (43.1%) were uninsured and 408 (6.9%) received a first-time influenza vaccination at the MINI clinic. A total of 2893 (49.0%) respondents heard about the clinic through their faith community. Lessons learned included the importance of building relationships with community leaders and involving them as full partners, holding clinics in community-based settings to bring vaccinations to clients, and reporting outcomes to partners.
Neighborhood environments significantly influence the development of diabetes risk factors, morbidity, and mortality throughout an individual's life. The social, economic, and physical environments of a neighborhood all affect the health risks of individuals and communities and also affect population health inequities. Factors such as access to healthy food, green spaces, safe housing, and transportation options can impact the health outcomes of residents. Social factors, including social cohesion and neighborhood safety, also play an important role in shaping neighborhood environments and can influence the development of diabetes. Therefore, understanding the complex relationships between neighborhood environments and diabetes is crucial for developing effective strategies to address health disparities and promote health equity. This review presents landmark findings from studies that examined associations between neighborhood socioeconomic, built and physical, and social environmental factors and diabetes-related risk and outcomes. Our framework emphasizes the historical context and structural and institutional racism as the key drivers of neighborhood environments that ultimately shape diabetes risk and outcomes. To address health inequities in diabetes, we propose future research areas that incorporate health equity principles and place-based interventions.
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