Normal human bone marrow from patients undergoing heart surgery was analysed quantitatively for components of the fibrinolytic system, using functional and immunological assays. Marrow was found to contain considerable fibrinolytic activity, reflecting high levels of t-PA (tissue-type plasminogen activator). The t-PA was in an active form, despite the presence of the inhibitors PAI-1 and PAI-2. Plasminogen and alpha2-antiplasmin (alpha2-AP) were also present in marrow. The balance of proteases and inhibitors differed dramatically from that observed in plasma, with higher levels of t-PA, PAI-1 and PAI-2, and lower levels of u-PA (urokinase), plasminogen, alpha2-AP and t-PA-PAI-1 complex in bone marrow, and resulted in favourable conditions for fibrinolysis. The presence of plasmin-alpha2-AP complex at concentrations of the same order of magnitude as total plasminogen and alpha2-AP demonstrated that active generation of plasmin was indeed occurring. A role for the active fibrinolytic system in normal human bone marrow may be the removal of unnecessary fibrin deposits formed in the cavities of the marrow, in order to maintain flow through this tissue.
We report a case of neonatal intestinal volvulus around a persistent right vitelline artery, presenting as an aberrant parieto-mesenteric band on exploratory laparotomy. To our knowledge, this is the first case report in the English literature of a persistent right vitelline artery causing axial intestinal volvulus in a neonate. A review of the literature and the embryopathogenesis is discussed, as well as the importance of emergent diagnoses of such lesions.
Background: Fine needle aspiration of neck nodes is quick, safe and convenient method for the diagnosis of various lesions. The procedure is well tolerated by the patients, has minimal complications and repeatable. Because of its minimally invasive characteristic, this technique is now being used routinely for quick and accurate diagnosis. Enlarged lymph nodes are one of the most frequently sampled tissues. The diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in neck node malignancy is high. Aims & Objective: To study efficacy of aspiration cytology in suspected metastatic neck lymph nodes. Material and Methods: A prospective hospital based study was conducted among patients attending cytology lab in Department of Pathology, of a tertiary care centre in this region over a period of three years. All new patients having clinically suspected neck lymph nodes were included in the study. All previously treated patients and those with recurrence were excluded from the study. Cervical lymph nodes were aspirated, and smears were prepared & processed following standard techniques. Findings were correlated with previous studies. A total number of 225 cases were examined. Results: A total of 225 cases of lymph node aspirates were examined. Out of these, 190 cytologically diagnosed cases, as metastatic cervical lymph nodes were further evaluated. Most number of cases was seen in males, in the age group of 45-76 years. Higher number of patients had known primary sites, seen in oral cavity. Confirmatory cytological diagnosis could be made in maximum number of cases. Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a safe, rapid and highly accurate method for diagnosis of superficially palpable lymph nodes. It is now considered as a routine OPD procedure, and most convenient method for confirmation of suspected metastatic nodes.
BACKGROUNDExfoliative cytology has got a key role in the diagnosis of variable pathological conditions. This technique is noninvasive and performed in the practice of cytopathology. The cell block technique now takes an intermediate position between histological and cytological techniques. METHODS A prospective study was done from RESULTSAmong 140 fluids, 12 were clinically diagnosed as malignant effusions out of which 11 were reported as positive for malignant cells and 1 case was negative. 12 cases were reported as positive for malignant cells in which they were clinically not diagnosed. CONCLUSIONSIn the present study, increased diagnostic utility of 10% is noted in cell block method. The cell block technique not only increased the positive results but also helped to demonstrate better architectural patterns which could be of great help in approaching the correct diagnosis of the primary site. KEYWORDSExfoliative Cytology, Non-invasive Technique, Cell Block Method, Cytodiagnosis of Fluids. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE:Padmavathi A, Prasad BVS, Anuradha B. A comparative study of fluid cytology with smear and cell block preparation.
We report 2 unusual cases of congenital ranula in male Nigerian infants. Clinical examination could not discern the orifice of the submandibular duct on the affected sides, while a lower occlusal radiograph revealed no obvious calculi. Diagnosis was mainly by clinical presentation. The paper highlights possible aetiopathogenesis, clinical aspects and diagnostic features. Emphasis is laid on the need for careful evaluation of oral ranulas in order to discern their origin and provide appropriate treatment.
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