The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has challenged the survival of human existence in the last 1 year. Frontline healthcare professionals were struggling in combating the pandemic situation and were continuously supported with literature, skill set, research activities, and technologies developed by various scientists/researchers all over the world. To handle the continuously mutating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) requires amalgamation of conventional technology with emerging approaches. Nanotechnology is science, engineering, and technology dealing at the nanoscale level. It has made possible the development of nanomaterials, nano-biosensors, nanodrugs, and vaccines for diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of COVID-19. This review has elaborately highlighted the role of nanotechnology in developing various detection kits such as nanoparticle-assisted diagnostics, antibody assay, lateral flow immunoassay, nanomaterial biosensors, etc., in detection of SARS-CoV-2. Similarly, various advancements supervene through nanoparticle-based therapeutic drugs for inhibiting viral infection by blocking virus attachment/cell entry, multiplication/replication, and direct inactivation of the virus. Furthermore, information on vaccine development and the role of nanocarriers/nanoparticles were highlighted with a brief outlining of nanomaterial usage in sterilization and preventive mechanisms engineered to combat COVID-19 pandemic.
CAB coronary artery Blockage is a main difficulty; this causes the heart problems. Different models are utilized to diagnosis the CAB as well as a category of heart problems. This work involves the heart surgery operations & very fast diagnosis. This research just requires the heart images i.e., CT-angiography images. Speed and real diagnosis are possible with technical Image processing (TIP) with the use of ML (Machine Learning) algorithm. With the help of RFO-DT (random forest optimization decision Trees) based, TIP and ML are used to detect the ROH (region of a Heart problem). Entire work consists of 2 stages; at first pre-processing is performed and the second stage DT is extracted, probability values are calculated performed the RFO-DT-ML model. Coronary artery is the main tissue in the heart, so it needs more concentration; normal scanning procedures are not sufficient, so CTA is necessary. In this, data sets are collated from the IEEE data house website. Conventional methods like GA, DE, and GWO are not efficient for heart functionality assessment for coronary artery disorders findings. If a patient with heart diseases have a problem for fast disease findings. So Fast and accurate disease finding models are required; therefore, this model i.e., RFO with AI, gives the best diagnosis results with accuracy. Finally, the design has been done and progressed by 4.766% OV, OF by using 6.5%, OT by 2.5%. These are efficient results.
Respiratory viruses are transmitted via respiratory particles that are emitted when people breath, speak, cough, or sneeze. These particles span the size spectrum from visible droplets to airborne particles of hundreds of nanometers. Barrier face coverings (“cloth masks”) and surgical masks are loose-fitting and provide limited protection from airborne particles since air passes around the edges of the mask as well as through the filtering material. Respirators, which fit tightly to the face, provide more effective respiratory protection. Although healthcare workers have relied primarily on disposable filtering facepiece respirators (such as N95) during the COVID-19 pandemic, reusable elastomeric respirators have significant potential advantages for the COVID-19 and future respiratory virus pandemics. However, currently available elastomeric respirators were not designed primarily for healthcare or pandemic use and require further development to improve their suitability for this application. The authors believe that the development, implementation, and stockpiling of improved elastomeric respirators should be an international public health priority.
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