Background: p53 acts as a transcription factor to regulate the expression of genes that modulate various cellular activities. The proliferation of cancer cells has been inhibited under the exposure to low-intensity (18 peak-to-peak voltage) and intermediate-frequency (100 KHz) electric fields generated between 2 capacitive electrodes. Therefore, the aims of this study were to observe the molecular mechanism of cell death caused by noncontact electric field exposure and to determine whether p53 protein can serve as a biomarker for this exposure or not. Methods: Oral squamous cell carcinoma, HeLa, and bone marrow mesenchyme cells were exposed to noncontact electric fields of Electro-Capacitive Cancer Therapy (ECCT) for 24 h. To observe the mechanism of cell death caused by ECCT, immunocytochemistry of p53 was performed, and the p53 expression was evaluated using immunoreactive score (IRS) calculation. Results: Electric field exposure by ECCT increased the percentage of dead cells in oral cancer cells (18.39%), HeLa cells (6.60%), and bone marrow mesenchyme cells (34.05%) with statistical significance using the independent t test compared to each control group. The IRS of p53 in oral cancer, HeLa, and bone marrow mesenchyme cultures were 10.50, 11.25, and 4.94, respectively. Conclusion: The high IRS shown in the treated oral cancer and HeLa culture cells may suggest that p53 expression in these culture cells is associated with the cell death mechanism induced by the exposure to noncontact electric fields, and the increased cell death in these culture cells may correlate with the IRS.
Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) is a common emergency case found in the emergency room. On 2016, it was found that 689 patients admitted to RSUD Dr. Soetomo’s emergency room due to foreign bodies on their ear, nose, or throat. This study aims to determine the profile of patients with foreign bodies on their ear, nose, or throat that admitted to Emergency Room, RSUD Dr. Soetomo in 2018. This type of research was a retrospective study using medical records of patients. The total of patients in this study was 802 patients. It was found that the most common foreign bodies was found on ear with 342 cases (42.64%), followed by nose with 265 cases (33.04%), and lastly throat with 195 cases (24.31%). The most common patients age group was 0-10 years with 376 cases (46.88%), followed by patients with age group more than 50 years with 93 cases (11.60%). There were more males patients with 445 patients (55.49%) rather than women with 357 patients (44.51%). The most common foreign bodies on ear was cotton with 173 cases (50.58%). The most common foreign bodies on nose was bead with 137 cases (51.70%). The most common foreign bodies on throat was fish bone with 166 cases (85.13%). The standard procedure for patients with foreign bodies was with extraction, extra procedure may be needed according to the condition of patients. Most of the patients showed no complication after the treatment. Keywords: foreign bodies; the ear, nose, and throat (ENT), profile of patients
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