Extragonadal germ cell tumors (GCTs) typically arise in midline locations such as mediastinum and retroperitoneum. They are formed either due to failure of primordial germ cells to migrate to the gonadal ridges [1] or reverse migration of the transformed germ cells in the testes [2]. Mediastinal seminomas are rare tumors constituting about 1/3rd of malignant mediastinal GCTs and 2-4 percent of mediastinal masses [3].
Lower body positive pressure (LBPP) treadmill activity might benefit patients
with heart failure (HF). To determine the short-term effects of LBPP on left
ventricular (LV) function in HF patients, LV ejection duration (ED), a measure
of systolic function was prospectively assessed in 30 men with stable HF with LV
ejection fraction ≤ 40% and 50 healthy men (N). Baseline measurements (100% body
weight), including blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and LVED, obtained via
radial artery applanation tonometry, were recorded after 2 minutes of standing
on weight support treadmill and after LBPP achieving reductions of 25%, 50%, and
75% of body weight in random sequence. Baseline, HR, and LVED (251 ± 5 vs 264 ±
4 ms; P = .035) were lower in the HF group. The LBPP lowered HR
more (14% vs 6%, P = .009) and increased LVED more (15% ± 7% vs
10% ± 6%; P = .004) in N versus HF. Neither group had changes
(Δ) in BP. On generalized linear regression, the 2 groups showed different
responses (P < .001). Multivariate analysis showed %ΔHR
(P < .001) and HF (P = .026) were
predictive of ΔED (r
2 = 0.44; P < .001). In conclusion, progressive
LBPP increases LVED in a step-wise manner in N and HF patients independent of HR
lowering. The ΔLVED is less marked in patients with HF.
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