Background: Temporary foreign workers (TFWs) in Canada became the focus of public and media scrutiny in 2013 for allegedly replacing Canadian workers. One group of workers escaped the same scrutiny despite working in similar occupational categories—International Experience Canada (IEC) participants, primarily White and young workers from a variety of European countries, Australia, and New Zealand. Analysis: This article explores the significance of the spectre of Whiteness to contemporary Canadian migration governance and employs critical discourse analysis paying attention to the tone of select front-page coverage of the IEC program in two Canadian and two Irish news outlets. Conclusions and implications: The limited coverage of ethnically White IEC participants shielded them from the negative scrutiny experienced by racialized TFWs. “Irish” became a stand-in for the infinite variability of Whiteness in Canadian nationhood.
This study, guided by feminist methodology and cultural hybrid theory, explores the experiences of Afghan-Canadian women in Ottawa, Ontario who identify as secondgeneration. A qualitative approach using in-depth interviews with ten second-generation Afghan-Canadian women reveals how these women are continuously constructing their hybrid identities through selective acts of cultural negotiation and resistance. This study will examine the transformative and dynamic interplay of balancing two contrasting cultural identities, Afghan and Canadian. The findings will reveal new meanings within the Afghan diaspora surrounding Afghan women's gender roles and their strategic integration into Canadian society.ii
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