Electrical resistivity surveys have been used to investigate soil behavior at the microscale, and thus they require a method for obtaining accurate electrical resistivity. The previously suggested geometric factor ignores the dimensions of the electrode due to the scale effect present in field conditions, thus necessitating a more appropriate method to capture reliable electrical resistivity for laboratory tests. Our objective is to suggest an analytical solution to obtain reliable electrical resistivity in laboratory testing. Models are verified through laboratory tests and statistical methods. The relationship between electrical resistance and electrical resistivity is analytically defined by Ohm’s law and Gauss’s flux theorem. Consequently, the underlying importance of electrode capacitance including electrode length and diameter for estimating electrical resistivity is evaluated. In addition to the electrical resistivity estimated based on Ohm’s law (EOL), capacitance based on the single-electrode model (CSM) and the multiple-electrode model (CMM), electrical resistivity based on the conventional calibration method is also addressed. Four-equally spaced electrode probe system is designed to measure the electrical resistance. The estimated electrical resistivity based on each model (EOL, CSM, CMM, and [Formula: see text]) is compared with the electrical resistivity estimated from the conductivity meter to verify the suggested models. The electrical resistivity estimated from EOL shows high reliability. Our results underline the significance of EOL model in the conversion of measured electrical resistance into electrical resistivity in laboratory tests.
Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) and electrical resistivity surveys were conducted at Modomo/Eleweran, along Ede-road, south western Nigeria, with a view to delineate the hydrogeophysical characterization of the study area. The area is underlain by the Precambrian Basement Complex rocks. The VLF-EM traverses were established along 6 traverses with a station interval of 10 m with lengths ranging from 130 to 360 m. Linear features presumed to be geologic fissures inferred from the filtered real pseudo-sections helped in selecting twenty-nine VES points that were further probed using ABEM SAS 300 C Resistivity Meter. The spreading were carried out using the convectional Schlumberger electrode configuration with half-current electrode separation (AB/2) varying from 1 to 100 m was used for the sounding. The VES data were presented as depth sounding curves and were appropriately iterated using RESIST version (1.0) software. The VLF filtered real profile displayed a low peak trend depicting poor or no fracture signature. Four lithological formations were delineated which included the topsoil, weathered layer, partly weathered/fractured basement and fresh bedrock. The delineated weathered and fractured basement columns constituted the aquifer units. Additionally, from the geophysical parameters viz a viz thin overburden thickness, clayey weathered layer and low fractured frequency characterized by the study area, it is inferred that the groundwater potential of the area varies between poor and low. However, the study justified the use of a combined geophysical investigation as a better tool in evaluating the groundwater potential in the basement complex.
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