Introduction: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is now a widely used treatment modality in many fields of dentistry, including endodontics. The most common application of PDT in endodontics is to disinfect root canals. The purpose of this study was to present the experience of using PDT in root canal disinfection of three patients. Case Presentation: Three patients referred to the Endodontics Department of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were treated using 0.1 mg/mL Toluidine Blue (FotoSan® agent; CMS Dental, Denmark) irradiated with a light-emitting diode (LED) lamp (FotoSan®; CMS Dental, Denmark) with a mean wavelength of 630 nm and a mean power density of 3 W/cm2 over two 30-second periods. Conclusion: PDT using LED lighting can be used in conjunction with conventional root canal treatment (RCT) to achieve great results.

Background: This study aimed to investigate age- and gender-specific soft and hard tissue cephalometric features in an Iranian population with normal class I occlusion. Methods: A total of 111 Iranians (56 females and 55 males) in two age groups including individuals aged between 12-16 years and individuals aged over 16 years, with well-balanced faces and class I occlusion, were selected. Overall, 81 (40 soft tissue and 41 hard tissue) cephalometric measurements of the selected samples were traced on all cephalograms. The obtained values were compared in terms of gender and age differences and also ethnic differences between Iranian and European races. Results: This study indicated significant differences between Iranian men and women of different ages and Caucasians in terms of hard and soft tissue cephalometric measurements, which should be considered in orthodontic and surgical treatments. Some of the most important differences are greater values of facial convexity angle, nasolabial angle, and soft tissue chin thickness in Iranians than in Caucasians. Conclusion: In general, slightly more convex profiles, more protruded lips, less prominent noses, higher nose tips, and proclined and protruded central incisors are acceptable in the Iranian population. Also, Iranian women have more convex soft and hard tissue profiles, shorter anterior and posterior facial heights, larger interlabial gaps, less deep superior sulci, thinner and shorter upper lips, and thinner soft tissue chins than men. Also, non-growing adults have more advanced mandibles, larger noses, more sloping nasal tips, and larger skeletal dimensions compared with growing ones.

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Introduction: Gingival hyperpigmentation is caused by an increase in the amount of melanin production or the number of melanocytes in the epithelium, which can impair smile esthetics. The current study aimed to report the experience of using a diode laser for gingival depigmentation of three different patients.Case Presentation: Three adult patients are presented with hyperpigmentation in labial gingivae of both jaws. The depigmentation was done using a diode laser at a wavelength of 808 nm, fiber diameter of 300 μm, and power of 1 W and in continuous mode. All three patients showed proper resolution of hyperpigmented areas in short- and long-term follow-up sessions. However, degrees of recurrence were noticeable in two cases.Conclusion: The 808-nm diode laser can be utilized safely and efficiently in gingival depigmentation, resulting in an acceptable cosmetic outcome.