The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-Coronavirus (CoV2) virus, first identified in Wuhan, China, caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which soon became a global pandemic, as labelled by the World Health Organization (WHO). The transmission method of the infection is primarily through droplets of various sizes. The SARS-CoV2 virus leads to a severe respiratory illness which in the first place causes the simulation of the acute respiratory syndrome. In order to diagnose of COVID-19 efficiently, samples with infection probability need to be examined through histopathological methods. Survival chances of the infected can remarkably increase if the virus is diagnosed timely by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest. One of the destructive effects of COVID-19 is the formation of ground-glass opacity (GGO) in the lungs which might be regarded to be equivalent to high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). COVID-19 acts very similarly to SARS and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) which can be inactivated by the chemical compounds of ethanol and sodium hypochlorite. Epidemiologic characteristics of COVID-19 have been indicated by numerous studies; however, there is still a lack of details of pathologic changes in the lung. The present comprehensive review is an attempt to assess and cover the current state of knowledge on COVID-19 disease based on the histopathologic studies conducted before May 2020.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Vulvovaginal candidiasis and its association with some risk factors and the incidence of different species of Candida attending the Maternity hospital in Erbil city.Methods: A cross-sectional carried out at Maternity teaching hospital, over a period that conducted from July 2019 to January 2020 on females Patient who complained of itching and erythema, vaginal discharge, swelling. A questionnaire form prepared for each patient, which includes: age, clinical presentation and history of pregnancy, diabetes, and history of using contraceptives and the type of contraceptives. High Vaginal Swabs were collected from patients and subjected to direct microscopy, cultured onto Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and, Blood agar. The results, determined by standard microbiological methods, species identification done by using an automated VITEK 2 compact system.Results: From the total of 246 high vaginal swabs collected at Maternity hospital in Erbil city and prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis was(54.66%). The highest number of positive cases found to be in the age group(30-34) years and the positive culture was among pregnant women was 71(63.4%) also the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis was higher among diabetic women 44(67.7%), frequency of culture positive for Candida spp. in the antibiotic users group was 85(64.4%) and also the positive culture for candida spp was higher among the contraceptive pills31(57.4%) however for IUCD user the positive culture was 22(66.7%). Conclusion: In this present study, vulvovaginal candidiasis is more in the young age group and more frequent in the pregnant ladies and the diabetic patients and those using antibiotic and contraceptives, either the pills or Intrauterine contraceptive device. Candida albicans had the highest percentage among other positive isolated from high vaginal swab and there was a significant relation between clinical presentation of the patient with the result of culture.
Background COVID-19 primarily presents as a respiratory tract infection, but studies indicate that it could be considered a systemic disease that can spread to affect multiple organ systems, including respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematopoietic, neurological, and immune systems. Objective To describe and analyze the clinical and hematological characteristics of 300 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Erbil, Kurdistan. Methods This retrospective study included 300 patients of any age admitted to hospital due to confirmed COVID-19 between September 2020 and February 2021. Cases were diagnosed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays of nasopharyngeal swab specimens. Results The highest proportion of patients were aged 21–40 years. The most common symptoms among the patients were myalgia (66.7%), fatigue (62.3%), headache (50.7%), and chest pain (52.7%). Differences in hematological and biochemical parameters were observed between deceased and recovered patients. Only the mid-range absolute count percentage (MID%) was significantly higher in the recovered patients than in the deceased ones (6.41% vs. 4.48, p = 0.019). Death was significantly higher among older patients (>40 years) than younger ones (≤40 years) (6.8% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.015), diabetic than non-diabetic (10.8% vs. 3%, p = 0.047), and those having chronic diseases than those without chronic diseases (10.6% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.006). Conclusions Different hematological and biochemical parameter findings were observed among the COVID-19 patients. Low MID%, older age, and presence of diabetes mellitus and chronic disease were significantly associated with death among COVID-19 patients.
Background: There is a connection among anti-TPO and anti-TG antibodies and levels of thyroid hormone and both alone or in grouping have been utilized to expect perfection of hypo or hyperthyroidism. Objective: Both alone or in grouping have been utilized to expect perfection of hypo or hyperthyroidism. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study achieved in the laboratories of Rizgary Teaching Hospital and Erbil Teaching Hospital in Erbil, Iraq, within the period of May 2020 to April 2021. The study included 66 patients, both males and females included. These patients had clinical indications and were suspected of having a sort of thyroiditis. Anti-TPO electrochemiluminescence immunoassay analysis has been included by the analysts in conjunction with conventional markers immunoassay of thyroid TSH, T3, and Free T4 trusting that this would help in lessening morbidity and related wellbeing concerns. Results: There was an increase in the level of anti-TSH antibodies in the hyperthyroidism group (60.6%) which was more than in those with hypothyroidism (36.4%), significant association exist (P≤0.049). Moreover, the level of Anti-TPO Abs was higher among hypothyroidism patients (63.6%) than among hyperthyroidism cases (33.3%), this association was statistically significant (P≤0.014). Conclusion: Demonstrating the clinical importance of this antibody and the benefit of adding anti-TPO, in combination with TSH and FT4. Addition of one test could potentially save expenditure on long-term diseases such as overt thyroid disease and its attended morbidities.
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