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Background: Recent advances in genomic analyses provide a comprehensive view of the tumour-to-tumour complexity of glioma. Subgroups have been defined based on distinct genetic and epigenetic alterations and gene expression profiles. IDH1gene mutation is among the first genetic alterations observed during the development of the glioma. SOX2 is a transcriptional co-factors that are associated with various developmental milestones and is over-expressed in tumours, It plays a role in maintaining pluripotency in several cancers. Aim of Study:Evaluate the correlation between IHC expression of SOX2 and mutant IDH1 protein in astrocytomas and their clinicopathological significance.

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Background Gastric cancer (GC) still represents a major health problem, despite a decrease in its incidence in the last few years. Because of the social impact of GC, there is a need for developing novel biomarkers to stratify patients into appropriate screening, surveillance, or treatment programs. Although histopathology remains the most reliable and less-expensive method, numerous efforts have been made toward identifying and validating novel biomarkers. Recent advances in molecular therapy have identified human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) as an important target for anticancer therapy in GC. Although the clinical relevance and prognostic significance of HER2 in breast cancer have been well acknowledged, it remains controversial in GC. The aim of this work was to evaluate the role of HER2 as a prognostic factor in patients with GC.Methods HER2 expression was investigated in 30 patients with GC by immunohistochemical staining and the results were compared and correlated with clinicopathologic parameters (age, sex, tumor location, histopathological type tumor stage, lymphovascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis).Results Among the samples that attained a score of 3 + , 85% showed staining in 50% or more of the tumor area, 10% that attained a score of 2 + showed staining in 50% or more of the tumor area, whereas only 5% that attained a score of 1 + showed staining less than 50%. There was no statistically significant correlation between HER2 positivity and age (P = 0.0601), sex (P = 0.3000), or tumor location (P = 0.364). HER2-positive tumors were found more often in lesions located in the lower third of the stomach compared with those located in the upper third (83 vs. 71%). According to Lauren's classification, HER2 overexpression was more often detected in the intestinal histological type (93%) than in the mixed (83%) or diffuse (67%) type, although this difference was not statistically significant. HER2 positivity was statistically significantly correlated with tumor-node-metastasis stage (P = 0.0312) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.009).Conclusion HER2 overexpression was positively correlated with aggressive biological behavior and was an independent poor prognostic factor for GCs. Therefore, HER2-positive GCs should be considered for adjuvant trastuzumab therapy.

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disorder with epidermal hyperplasia. There is some evidence that the Interleukin (IL) 17 has a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Platelet Rich Plasma (PrP) is autologous concentration of platelets may improve the condition because of its anti-inflammatory nature. Aim of Work: This study has been conducted in an attempt to assess the effect of PrP as a new modality for treatment of chronic localized plaque psoriasis on IL17 expression in psoriatic skin lesions. Patients and Methods: This study is a randomized controlled clinical trial study in which 24 psoriasis patients attending Dermatology and Andrology Outpatient Clinics in Suez Canal University Hospitals between January 2016 to January 2017 were enrolled. Two symmetrical plaques were injected weekly intradermally with PrP and saline as placebo and skin biopsy was taken from each plaque before and after treatment. Skin biopsies were assessed for IL17 expression. Results: All the clinical parameters used for assessment of clinical response (size, erythema, thickness and scaling) significantly decreased after PrP injection by (27.39 ±29.33, 28.47±51.89, 25.35 ±66.23, and 24.31 ± 44.36%) respectively, while plaques injected with saline showed significant decrease of scaling only. Moreover 6 plaques out of the 9 plaques that were positive for IL17 converted to negative after treatment with PrP, while all them remained positive for IL17 expression after injection with saline as placebo. Conclusions: Although psoriatic plaques treated with PrP showed variable clinical and immunological improvement compared to lesions injected with saline as placebo, PrP treatment alone can't be considered as a therapeutic modality for treatment of localized plaque psoriasis.

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