Four native isolates of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) Beauveria bassiana (B1and B2), Metarhizium anisopliae (M1 and M2 ) were isolated and evaluated against wheat aphid, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani). Three concentrations of spores suspension from each of the four fungal isolates (1×10 6 , 1×10 7 and 1×10 8 conidia) were used against adult aphid (one day old). The results showed that (B1) was the most effective according to LC50. Whereas, when testing the toxicity of crude metabolites of fungal isolates in four concentrations for each isolate, it was found that the highest effective toxin was (M1) followed by (B1), (M2) and (B2). Scanning electron microscope photographs (SEM) showed the mode of action of entomopathogenic fungi and its ability to colonize and how it infects aphid.
Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) (Tetranychidae) is a worldwide polyphagous mite causing economic damage to several crops. A laboratory experiments was carried out to evaluate the pathogenicity of two entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin, on E. orientalis at three spore concentrations (10 6 , 10 7 , and 10 8 conidia ml -1 ). Probit analysis indicated that B. bassiana was significantly effective and more virulent (LC 90 = 1.34×10 8 conidia ml -1 ) than M. anisopliae (LC 90 = 2.46×10 11 conidia ml -1 ), with relative toxicity of 100: 0.2. Toxicity of two essential oils: neem (Azadirachta indica A.Juss. (Meliaceae) and caraway, Carum carvi L. (Apiaceae) against E. orientals was also evaluated at concentrations of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75%. Based on LC 90 , caraway oil caused higher mortality percentage of E. orientalis females than neem oil after 72 h (i.e., LC 90 = 0.198 and 0.753%, respectively) with relative toxicity of 100: 26.30. Oviposition deterrent index increased as concentration increase. It was highest for caraway as 59.91 and 39.2% for neem at concentration of 0.75%. Repellency effect increased as oil concentration increase, and decreased as time increase. Environmentally suitable options for biocontrol of E. orientalis might consider the obtained results.
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