Background: Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) now become one of the available diagnostic imaging modalities of the breast, and the present study was done to evaluate its diagnostic value versus that of breast ultrasound (US) in the evaluation of breast asymmetries. This study included 51 patients with 57 mammography identified breast asymmetries; their ages were ranged from 26 to 72 years (mean age 50.05 ± 8.1 SD). For all patients, both digital breast tomosynthesis and ultrasound were done, and their results were compared. Results: Tomosynthesis in this study showed better diagnostic performance compared to mammography; the sensitivity of tomosynthesis was 83.33%, the specificity was 89.74%, the positive predictive value was 78.95%, the negative predictive value was 92.11%, and the accuracy was 87.71% while the sensitivity of mammography was 72.22%, the specificity was 71.79%, the positive predictive value was 54.17%, the negative predictive value was 84.85 %, and the accuracy was 71.92 %. Breast ultrasound showed the highest sensitivity in this study with the sensitivity of ultrasound being 100.00 %, the specificity being 92.31%, the positive predictive value being 85.71%, the negative predictive value being 100.00%, and the accuracy being 94.73%. Conclusion: Tomosynthesis enables better depiction of asymmetries. It can be useful in the screening setting where better lesion detection and accurate description of lesions is desired. Therefore, it can detect more cancers and can reduce the number of biopsies. Breast ultrasound should be coupled with breast mammography and 3D tomosynthesis in the evaluation of the breast asymmetries as it reduces false-negative results, detects solid and cystic lesions, and assesses solid lesion nature.
The present study aimed to assess some biochemical changes of oxidative stress in alloxaninduced diabetic rats with administration of lipoic acid. The experiment was carried out on 96 male rats. The group I (32 rats) was left as control (normal non-diabetic). Sixty-four rats were injected subcutaneously with alloxan (120 mg / kg.b.wt.) for induction of diabetes. Then it was divided into two equal groups, group II (diabetic without administration of lipoic acid) and group III (diabetic with administration of lipoic acid). Blood samples were collected from 8 rats of each group for separation of clear serum at 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd and the 4 th week after administration for determination of glucose. Fresh liver and brain tissue samples (0.2 g) were collected from sacrificed rats and homogenized in ten volumes of (ice-cold phosphate saline pH: 7), then kept at -20 ºC for assay of malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and liver glycogen. The obtained data revealed that serum glucose level was significantly decreased in the 3rd group as compared with the diabetic one. Also there was a significant decrease of liver glycogen in the diabetic group as compared with the non-diabetic control group. Moreover, significant decrease of reduced glutathione in both liver and brain tissues in diabetic group as compared with control. Lipoic acid caused a significant elevation in liver reduced glutathione as compared with the diabetic group, but without effect on brain. There was a significant rise in malondialdehyde in liver and brain tissues of diabetic group as compared with control. On the other hand there was a significant decrease of malondialdehyde in liver and brain tissues of diabetic rats with lipoic acid as compared with diabetic rats throughout the experiment period.It could be concluded that significant increase of malondialdehyde together with the decrease of reduced glutathione in the diabetic group: indicated the oxidative stress of induced diabetes. Also the study revealed that lipoic acid exerted a powerful antioxidant effect and therefore the diabetics should be supplemented regularly with this vitamin.
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