One of the most promising treatments for diabetes mellitus (DM) is stem cell therapy. This study is aimed at elucidating the antidiabetic effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced DM in developing male rats. Twenty-four male albino rats (4 weeks old) were divided into control, diabetic, diabetic+MSCs1 (received MSCs one week after STZ treatment), and diabetic+MSCs2 (received MSCs 4 weeks after STZ treatment). Diabetic rats showed marked impairment (
p
<
0.05
) in serum levels of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS) in addition to disruption of the calculated values of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), pancreatic β cell function (HOMA-β), and oxidative stress index (OSI). These biochemical alterations were confirmed by the histopathological and ultrastructural assessments which showed marked destructive effect on pancreatic islet cells. MSC therapy in an early stage reversed most of the biochemical, histological, and ultrastructural alterations in the STZ-induced diabetic model and restored the normal cellular population of most acinar cells and islet of Langerhans. These results indicate that MSC therapy of STZ-induced diabetic developing rats during an early stage has the capacity of β cell restoration and the control of blood glycemic homeostasis.
Introduction: B-Lactam antibiotics are widely used because of their lack of toxicity in humans. However, during pregnancy, exposure of the fetus is likely to occur due to b-lactam antibiotics cross the placenta. The potential adverse effects of amoxicillin were examined in stomach of mice fetuses. Material and Methods: This study was aimed to evaluate the possible side effects produced by amoxicillin prenatal administration on the stomach of fetuses. Twenty pregnant mice were used in this study; and were divided into two groups: the first group served as a control group and injected by saline solution (the drug solvent); the second group treated with amoxicillin dose of 205 mg/kg body weight. The treatment was daily administered interperitoneally, from the 7 th day of gestation till the 14 th day of gestation (GDs 7-14). The developing 19-days old fetuses were examined histologically and ultrastructurally to determine any disorders in the stomach. Results: This study illustrated marked deleterious consequences in the gastric wall of 19 day old fetus, following the treatment with amoxicillin, ranging from marked vacuolations and erosions in the epithelial and glandular cells of the gastric mucosa to conspicuous necrosis of glandular (parietal and zymogenic) cells. The electron microscopical examination of the gastric mucosal cells of fetuses maternally treated with amoxicillin, revealed conspicuous alterations, in the cytoplasmic organelles of gastric mucosal cells (surface epithelial, peptic and parietal cells). The cisternae of RER were dilated and fragmented. The mitochondria displayed gradual devastations. Conclusions: Therefore, the destructive impacts of amoxicillin on the stomach of mice fetuses indicated that it should be used under restricted precautions in the medical fields to protect the pregnant women from its hazardous impact.
Chrysin is bioactive flavonoids that has numerous pharmacological activities and known to have hepatoprotective effect. The present study aimed to study the potential ameliorative effects of Chrysin (50 mg/kg b.wt./day) on Clonazepam (2 mg/kg b.wt./day) induced liver toxicity. Animals were divided into 4 groups, ten rats in each. Group 1 (Control group received a vehicle 1% w/v Tween 80), group 2 (received 2 mg/kg b.wt./day Clonazepam (CZP) suspended in 1% w/v Tween 80, group 3, (received 50 mg/kg b.wt./day Chrysin suspended in 1% w/v Tween 80, group 4 (received 2 mg/kg b.wt./day CZP, and Chrysin, 50 mg/kg b.wt./day). All animal groups were treated by oral gavage daily for 6 weeks starting at the first day of the experiment. The results indicated that in contrast to the control group, liver transaminases (ALT and AST), malondialdehide (MDA) and cytochrome P450 (Cyp3A4) were increased after the Clonazepam treatment, while the liver protein and the total antioxidant activity (TAA), glutathione reduced (GSH) contents and glutathione Stransferase (GSTs) activity were decreased. Also, the histological examination demonstrated that liver sections of CZP treated developing rats showed cytoplasmic vacuolation and fatty degeneration of some hepatocytes and their nuclei exhibited pyknosis and karyolysis. In addition to conspicuous distortions in the vasculatures, Kupffer cells proliferation and infiltration of lymphocyte were observed. Electron microscopic investigation of hepatocytes of CZP treated animals' revealed clear changes as mitochondrial dysfunction with loss of their cristae and compressed matrices. Also, dilatation and fragmentation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum into smaller stacks have been observed.On the other hand, marked improvement in the liver tissue against the damage displayed by CZP was recorded in biochemical, histological and ultrastructural screening of the hepatic animal sections treated with CZP+ Chrysin.
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