In the contemporary era of unprecedented innovations such as Internet of Things (IoT), modern applications cannot be imagined without the presence of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Nodes in WSN use neighbour discovery (ND) protocols to have necessary communication among the nodes. Neighbour discovery process is crucial as it is to be done with energy efficiency and minimize discovery latency and maximize percentage of neighbours discovered. The current ND approaches that are indirect in nature are categorized into methods of removal of active slots from wake-up schedules and intelligent addition of new slots. The two methods are found to have certain drawbacks. The first category disturbs original integrity of wake-up schedules leading to reduced chances of discovering new nodes in WSN as neighbours. When second category is followed, it may have inefficient slots in the wake-up schedules leading to performance degradation. Therefore, the motivation behind the work in this paper is that by combining the two categories, it is possible to reap benefits of both and get rid of the limitations of the both. Making a hybrid is achieved by introducing virtual nodes that help maximize performance by ensuring original integrity of wake-up schedules and adding of efficient active slots. Thus a Hybrid Approach to Neighbour Discovery (HAND) protocol is realized in WSN. The simulation study revealed that HAND outperforms the existing indirect ND models.
Background: The need for an efficient neighbor discovery model is tremendously essential with the development of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The neighbor discovery model has growingly been significant in enhancing the performance of WSNs. Methods: In this study, adaptive energy duty-cycle, energy-efficient Balanced Incomplete Block Design (BIBD) hybrid scheme is proposed for WSNs that controls collisions, and overhearing obstacle by maintaining energy over WSNs. Energy adaptive BIBD leverages the features of symmetric BIBD. Evaluation of the proposed model is demonstrated using the TOSSIM tool, and the performance parameters are compared with other wellknown neighbor discovery process, including Disco, U-Connect, and Searchlight, Hedis, and Todis algorithms. Findings: The outputs of our simulation study illustrates that the proposed model significantly outperforms other neighbor discovery algorithms with reference to energy-efficiency and discovery latency.
In this paper, we reviewed the literature on various techniques found in WSN for neighbor discovery. Neighbor discovery is a fundamental phenomenon in the network in the deployment phase. However, due to the dynamic nature of WSN, and there are possibilities of adding new nodes and removing nodes from the network, continuous neighbour discovery is needed. It does mean that neighbour discovery is not a one-time task. With neighbour discovery, there are many advantages to WSN. The efficiency of the network is improved besides saving the energy of nodes and increasing the lifetime of nodes. The review of the literature made in this paper provides useful insights on the present state of the art of continuous neighbour discovery in WSN. It also provides research gaps found in the literature.
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