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Anomalous methylation of tumor suppressor genes demands meticulous probing as it has been firmly established as an important mechanism for gene inactivation. We examined a total of 50 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients for hypermethylation of RASSF1A and PTEN genes in CpG islands located in the promoter regions. Our data demonstrate that hypermethylation of RASSF1A might play a crucial role in the prognosis of EOC. Background: To investigate the methylation pattern in promoter region of RASSF1A and PTEN genes in epithelial ovarian cancer patients in North India. Patients and Methods: Fifty patients and 20 healthy controls were studied. Isolation of genomic DNA from peripheral blood and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) were applied for analysis. Results: 17 of 50 patients (34.0%) were found to be methylated for RASSF1A gene, whereas methylation of the PTEN gene occurred in 8 of 50 cases (16.0%). A statistically significant result was obtained (P ¼ .01) for RASSF1A gene and correlated with the patients' clinicopathologic features. Conclusion: Hypermethylation of both RASSF1A and PTEN genes in blood DNA from ovarian cancer patients might offer an exposition for early diagnosis of the malignancy.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), is a highly contagious pathogenic coronavirus to emerge and spread in human populations. Although substantial exertions have been laid to avert spread of COVID-19 by therapeutic and preventive countermeasures, but emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants as a result of mutations make the infection more ominous. New viral confers a higher nasopharyngeal viral load, increased viral transmissibility, higher infectiousness, immune escape, increased resistance to monoclonal/polyclonal antibodies from convalescence sera/vaccine, and an enhanced virulence. Thus, it is pertinent to monitor evolving mutations and genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 as it is decisive for understanding the viral variants. In this review we provide an overview of colloquial nomenclature and the genetic characteristics of different SARS-CoV-2 variants in the context of mutational changes of the circulating strains, transmissibility potential, virulence and infectivity.

Chaurasia et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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The findings suggest that polymorphism of BAX and TP53 genes may be potential genetic modifiers for developing ovarian cancer.

The coronavirus disease 2019 is a highly contagious viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, member of coronaviridae family. It causes life threatening complications due to complexity and rapid onset course of the disease. Early identification of high-risk patients who require close monitoring and aggressive treatment remains challengeable till date. Novel biomarkers which help to identify high risk patients at the early stage is high priority. Objective of this review to find utility of P-SEP, sTREM-1 and suPAR for diagnosis, risk stratification and prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infected cases. Soluble receptors like, P-SEP, sTREM-1 and suPAR have been involved in immune regulation in SARS-CoV-2 infection and elevate more in severe cases. A comprehensive research of databases like PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI and Web of Science was performed for relevant studies. A total of nine out of fifteen research literature in initial screening were included for this review. Interestingly all studies have reported high levels of P-SEP, sTREM-1 and suPAR in SARS-CoV-2 infected cases and the biomarkers positively correlated with severity of infection. This implies that P-SEP, sTREM-1 and suPAR can be implemented as surrogate marker in blood profile for early diagnosis, risk stratification and prognosis in SARS-CoV-2 for better management in Indian population at the current situation.converting enzyme 2 Covid-2019 Coronavirus disease 2019 DIC Disseminated intravascular coagulation ORF Open reading frame SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 sTREM-1 Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells suPAR Soluble Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor TMPRSS2 Transmembrane protease, serine 2

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