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Rhetorical style transfer from first language to a foreign language can be serious problems in academic writing, such as research articles (RAs). This study is aimed at analyzing the rhetorical style of Indonesian RA introductions in multiple disciplines written by Indonesian authors and published in Indonesian research journals especially on the ways authors justify their research topic and research activity and suggesting potential problems if this style is used when writing RAs in English. Four hundred RAs written in Indonesian by Indonesian speakers were selected for this study from mostly university-based research journals. The analyses were conducted using a genre-based analysis method following a problem justifying project model by Safnil [2001. Rhetorical structure analyses of Indonesian research articles. An unpublished PhD diss., the Australian National University, Canberra Australia]. The results show that: (1) unlike English authors, Indonesian authors consider establishing shared background knowledge important in their RA introductions but not justifying their research project; (2) Indonesian authors justify their research topic by personal reasons and reviewing the current knowledge and practices and (3) while some use subjective and practical reasons to justify their research projects, many do not justify it at all. If Indonesian authors use this rhetorical style when writing RAs in English, this can cause the article to be rejected by international journals. ARTICLE HISTORY

This research is aiming at giving a contribution to the lecturers’ knowledge on the design materials in using social media Facebook in teaching writing process to English Department students. Before conducted the developing module for Facebook-based writing instructional course, we surveyed and explored the student’s need. The stages of this research consisted of need analysis and document analysis. We conducted needs analysis to 141 English students and 2 lecturers of writing. Data were collected using need analysis questionnaire and interview. The analyzed documents in this research were lesson plan, syllabus and the existing textbooks. The data from questionnaire and interview were analyzed in quantitative and qualitative methods. The results concluded that: first, needs analysis is the basic of developing module for Facebook-based writing instructional course, in order that the material can be related to the students’ needs, levels and lecturers’ perception. The result of students need found urgent to develop module for facebook-based writing instructional course through the following criteria of interactive, self-contained, user friendly, online supporting, online social media, authentic, environmentally friendly, formal and informal environments, online evaluation, presented in visual  aids, support  and facilitate the students’  academic and non-academic writing activities, topics of the materials should be interesting which provides a cultural background of students, the materials should be implemented by applying vocabulary, reading texts, grammar and basic skills in writing process, implemented in beginner level (Writing 1), used in class and out- class and the materials globally/ international context. Second, the lecturers’ desires in teaching writing are to improve the students’ skill to comprehend the materials. Third, the existing materials are unsuitable for the students, they prefer learning facilitated by electronic social media, Facebook, so they will more motivate in write.

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<p class="WW-Default">The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible factors inhibiting the university lecturers or professors in Indonesia from publishing their research results in reputable international journals in English. The research used a mixed (quantitative and qualitative) method, employing a national survey and in-depth interviews with selected lecturers and researchers in five different universities in Indonesia (i.e., Bengkulu University, Padang State University, Makasar State University, Unika Atma Jaya University and Mataram University). The results show that three main factors have hindered the lecturers from submitting their articles to reputable international journals: lack of self-confidence on the quality of their own research and article, finding it very difficult and very time consuming to prepare an article in English and no adequate reward for those who can successfully publish in reputable international journals. However, the majority of them have a positive attitude toward international journal publication for their own benefits or for the sake of their institution.<strong><em></em></strong></p>