Overlapping morphological characteristics pose some difficulties in making a proper diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC), chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC), and oncocytoma, on the basis of hematoxylin–eosin-stained tissue sections. Our objective was to find out a fast, reliable panel of immunohistochemical markers for differentiation between them. The study was carried out on 55 selected renal tumor specimens: 36 cases of CCRCC, seven cases of ChRCC, and 12 cases of oncocytoma. The specimens were stained immunohistochemically for vimentin, CD117, cytokeratin (CK)7, and caveolin (Cav)-1. Sensitivity and specificity for each marker were calculated. Vimentin expression was exclusively observed in CCRCC (100%) and negative in ChRCC and oncocytoma. CD117 was absent in CCRCC, but it was strongly expressed in ChRCC (85.5%) and oncocytoma (91.7%), with high sensitivity and specificity. Most CCRCCs and oncocytomas were negative for CK7 (91.7% and 83.3%, respectively), in contrast to ChRCCs, which showed positivity in nearly 86% of the cases. Good sensitivity and specificity were calculated for CK7 in differentiating studied oncocytic tumors. Cav-1 was positive in ~78% of the CCRCCs and in all ChRCCs, whereas the vast majority of oncocytomas were negative. So the immunoprofile of CCRCC was vimentin+/CD117−/CK7−/Cav-1±, ChRCC was vimentin−/CD117+/CK7+/Cav-1+, and oncocytoma was vimentin−/CD117+/CK7±/Cav-1−. So, by using combination of four markers (vimentin, CD117, CK7, and Cav-1), we achieved excellent sensitivity and specificity for differential diagnosis of CCRCC, ChRCC and oncocytoma.

Background Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common type of bladder cancer. Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is one of glucose transporter proteins’ family which facilitates glucose transport inside the cells. It was found to be overexpressed in several malignant tumors. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are heterogeneous stromal cells located adjacent to cancer cells and are considered one of the most important tumor stromal cells. They have been associated with enhancing tumor growth and invasion. GLUT4 expression in malignant epithelial cells and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) expression in CAFs of UC in relation to angiogenesis and clinicopathological characteristics are studied in this work. Materials and methods The study was carried out on 72 paraffin blocks of UC (27 radical cystectomies and 45 transurethral resections). Immunohistochemical staining was performed with GLUT4, FAP, and CD34 antibodies. Expression of GLUT4 and FAP was classified according to the staining intensities and percentages into low and high groups. CD34-stained microvessels’ mean count in five microscopic fields (×200) was taken as the microvessel density (MVD). Results GLUT4 overexpression was detected in 32 UC. It was significantly associated with high-grade tumors, advanced primary tumor (pT) stage, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and regional lymph node invasion. High FAP expression was appreciated in 27 UC and was significantly linked to LVI and advanced TNM staging. Intratumor MVD significantly increased in UC with muscle invasion, LVI, and regional lymph node and/or distant metastasis. A significant positive correlation between GLUT4, FAP expression, and MVD was found. Conclusion GLUT4 and FAP expression was significantly associated with increased intratumor MVD and adverse clinicopathological factors.

Our work presents a new perspective on the potential use of GQAs as safe and highly effective phytochemicals against MDR C. albicans . This microorganism colonizes the human vaginal epithelium, causing vaginal candidiasis, a condition characterized by recurrent pathogenicity and tolerance to traditional antifungal therapy.

MGMT expression was identified as positive prognostic factor in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma who underwent surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and concomitant oral TMZ chemotherapy (the Stupp protocol).

There is a continuous need for modifications of epidermal cell grafting techniques treating stable vitiligo to make it easier, more economic, and with better outcome. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of noncultured, nontrypsinized epidermal cell graft homogenized with plasma gel, followed by narrow band-ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) in treatment of stable vitiligo, about 40 patients with stable vitiligo underwent harvesting of epidermal cells from the donor site by dermabrasion then the harvested cells were prepared, homogenized with autologous plasma gel, and applied to the abraded recipient, followed by 16 NB-UVB sessions after complete healing. Patches within the same anatomical site received only NB-UVB as controls. The percentage of improvement ranged from 23.33% to 100% with more than 75% uniform, homogenous repigmentation in 65% of patients. Donor site healed completely with normal skin. Noncultured, nontrypsinized epidermal cell grafting technique homogenized with plasma gel followed by NB-UVB sessions gave positive responses and was well tolerated in different body sites in stable resistant vitiligo.

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How to cite this article: El-Gazzar MF, Kohla MAS, El-Sakhaw MM, Husseiny MM, Yousef RRH, El-Shorbagy SH. Use of gadobenate dimeglumine dynamic MRI for detection of early hepatocellular carcinoma in atypical hepatic focal lesions. Hepatoma Res 2017;3:123-8. Aim:Gadobenate dimeglumine (multihance) is a contrast medium which can be used not only as an extracellular contrast agent for dynamic imaging of the liver, but also as a liver specific agent for the acquisition of hepatobiliary-phase images which are more helpful in evaluation of small atypical hepatic focal lesions equal or less than 3 cm. The authors tried to evaluate multihance dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a new modality in early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Thirty cirrhotic patients with small hepatic focal lesions (less than 3 cm in diameter), detected by imaging (ultrasound and triphasic computed tomography) were subjected to dynamic MRI with multihance contrast. All patients had a liver biopsy stained with heat shock protein 70, glypican 3, and glutamine synthetase to confirm the diagnosis of HCC. Results: Eight out of 30 patients (26.6%) with atypical focal lesions proved to have HCC by histology, whereas 7 out of 8 histologically proven HCC patients (87.5%) were shown to have typical criteria on Multihance imaging. Conclusion: Multihance dynamic MRI is a promising diagnostic modality for detection of early HCC, however, future studies on large numbers of patients are warranted to precisely detect the sensitivity and specificity of this new modality. Key words:Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging, multihance, gadobenate dimeglumine, early detection, hepatocellular carcinoma ABSTRACTArticle history:

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