Introduction: This paper focused on the process of urbanization in Lahore and its correlation with the loss of urban vegetation and perceived environmental impacts based on local population's perception through administration of a questionnaire survey. Lahore is known as a city of gardens and green spaces in Pakistan and always possessed rich green character in its long history. For the past few decades due to rapid urbanization, the city has lost its aesthetically important urban vegetation, tress, and greenery. The field studies and remote sensing data revealed that the loss of vegetation has been experienced at an astonishing rate in many union councils of the city. Methods: This study was conceived to probe importance and value of the urban tress and vegetation of Lahore in an environmental context and its general importance for the residents of the city. The objectives were to analyze the role of vegetation in the life of citizens; the specific objective was to reveal the attitudes and responses of city dwellers about loss of urban trees/vegetation and its role in the overall environment, process of urbanization, and maintenance strategies. In the present paper, perception of local people (n = 2080) regarding the socio-environmental impacts due to the ongoing process of urbanization and detriments of vegetation loss has been probed through administration of a household questionnaire. The collected data has been tested with respondent's age, gender, marital status, education, monthly income, and occupation. Results: This study was an attempt to document and explore the change in historical transformation in vegetation and perception of the sample population of Lahore. This perception survey has revealed that urbanization is the major cause of loss of vegetation and has caused a number of perceived environmental problems in the city. Conclusions: The study underlined an analysis of people's perceptions regarding the loss of trees and vegetation . The perceived socio-environmental findings revealed that the urbanization and population growth are the fundamental reasons for trees/vegetation loss in the city.

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Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to explore the trends of changing temperature of Lahore in Pakistan due to invigorating urbanization process since 1950-2007. Design/methodology/approach-This research is designed by using the numerical time series data of mean minimum temperature (MMiT), mean maximum temperature (MMxT) and mean annual temperature (MAT). The growth in urban population, area and transportation are also evaluated by using the available data. Linear regression method is applied to investigate the results of change in temperature. Three different approaches to examine the MAT are testified; first as an entire period (1950-2007), and then by dividing the entire period into two equal phases as Phase I (1950-1974) and Phase II (1975-2207). MMiT and MMxT are analysed for the entire period without making any division. Findings-The results of the paper are significantly indicating an increase in MAT and MMiT which have risen up to 0.89 and 2.518C, respectively, while MMxT remained resolute throughout the study period. Change in MMiT is observed regular and brisk than other parameters of temperature. Increase in temperature in Phase I is observed only 0.0628C and in Phase II it is observed 0.948C. Research limitations/implications-This research can be further worked out by using different meteorological models to study the effects of urbanization on lower surface atmosphere and urban heat island effects in Lahore. Originality/value-By taking into consideration these results, the town planners and government can make different strategies to mitigate the urban effects on rising temperature in Pakistan.

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Climate change can disrupt food availability and reduce access to food by affecting agricultural production in the world. Thus, the current empirical study investigates the impacts of climate change on rice production over the different regions of Punjab, Pakistan for the period of 1979-2018. The bound test co-integration method with the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) was used to explore the symmetric relationship between climate change and rice production. Furthermore, this study employed a nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) approach to investigate the asymmetric relationship between climate change and rice production. The results of symmetric ARDL indicate that in the long run there is a negative relationship between average maximum temperature and production of rice in all three regions. The results indicate that in the long-run average minimum temperature (Tmin) has a significant and negative association with the production of rice during the kharif season in Southern and Western Punjab. While in Central Punjab, minimum temperature (Tmin) has a positive association with the production of rice. The rainfall indicates that in the long run as rainfall increases in Central Punjab, it would cause to reduce the production of rice, while in the Southern and Western Punjab increased rainfall during the kharif season cause an increase in the production of rice. Moreover, the results of NARDL indicate an asymmetric relationship between climate and rice production. The dynamic multiplier analysis also supports the results by showing the dominance of the high impact of a positive and negative component of temperature on the production of rice in investigating three regions of Punjab, Pakistan.

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In a country like Pakistan, the presence of urban greening and parks are very essential for the well-being ofits citizens. The resident’s awareness about urban green spaces (UGSs) is essential as it would not only help towards ahealthier environment, but prepare residents to manage these spaces efficiently through local resources. This formulatesthe rationale behind current research work. This research is aimed at studying about the resident’s perception for UGS’sattributes like environmental, negative and positive. Another major focus of this research is to analyze thesocioeconomic differentials and its consequent impacts on resident’s perception about urban green spaces, which hasbeen probed with the help of MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance). In this regard the primary data of 223visitors were collected by random sampling method from eight major parks of Lahore, Pakistan. The findings of thissurvey of resident’s perception have shown that mostly male, single, low and middle class, and educated people visitthe urban green spaces and they are highly indebted by their environmental and health benefits. For the selectedcharacteristics of urban green areas, the resident’s perception has revealed that there exists an insignificant relationshipwith age and marital status of the respondents while the most significant relation was shown by the residents whovisited the UGSs regularly as ‘ρ’ value is less than the set significance level of 0.05. This study has highlighted a direneed of such UGSs in the city of Lahore which is known to be the “City of Gardens”. This could raise the spirits ofadministrators, city managers and planners to take immediate action in this regard.