This study investigates brand personality and destination image of Istanbul, Turkey and compares the perceived image and personality across different nationalities visiting the city. The survey instrument included quantitative and qualitative (open ended) items and questions to better understand the first-time visitors' individual perceptions. Text analysis was utilized to reveal experiential image patterns in qualitative data. Respondents were grouped into four segments depending on the geographic and cultural proximity of their nationalities: USA, UK, Europe, and East Asia. Factor analyses were conducted to find underlying image and personality dimensions. Next one-way ANOVA was conducted to identify significant image and personality variations across different nationalities. The results showed that there are statistically significant perception differences across different nationalities for cognitive and overall image, as well as for brand personality perceptions and behavioral intention. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.

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This study aims to broaden knowledge about the effects of green (environmentally responsible) advertising images on consumer behavior in the context of the hotel industry. A 5 (ad type: non-green vs. green with text vs. green with logos vs. green with visuals vs. green with the combination of all) × 2 (hotel segment: luxury vs. budget) between-subjects experimental design was developed. The purpose of this research, within the foundations of dual coding theory, is to investigate the influence of different types of green (textual, visual, green certification logos, and combination of all) versus non-green ads on advertising effectiveness operationalized as attitude toward the ad (AAd), attitude toward the hotel (AHot), and purchase intention (PI) for budget and luxury hotel segments while controlling the effects of environmental involvement. The results demonstrate that green text, green certification logo, green with visual cues, and green combination ads were more effective than non-green ads in terms of AAd, attitude toward the brand, or PI. The study also reveals that the effectiveness of green hotel ads will vary with the budget and luxury hotels as the results provide encouraging results for luxury hotels to increase ad effectiveness via using green certification in their advertising strategy. Overall, the findings provide implications for budget and luxury hotels in terms of designing green and sustainability messages in their communication strategies.

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Dünyada marka sayısının artmasıyla birlikte markalar hedef kitleleri üzerinde sadakat oluşturmakta zorlanmaktadır. Bunun en önemli sebeplerinden biri fazlalaşan marka sayılarıyla beraber oluşan markaların benzer algılanması durumudur. Bu algının oluşmasıyla birlikte marka sadakati oluşmamaktadır. Düşünce gerektirmeyen, tüketiciyle duygusal bağı olmayan ürünlerin var olduğu sektörlerde marka sadakatinin oluşması daha zordur. Bu sebeple özellikle bu sektörlerde markaların benzer algılanması işletmeler için tehlikeli bir durum oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırmada kargo sektörü temel alınarak, algılanan marka benzerliğinin, marka sadakati, marka tatmini ve servis kalitesi değişkenleri ile olan ilişkisine bakılmıştır. Çalışma yüz yüze anket yoluyla ve kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile 208 denekle gerçekleşmiştir. Çalışmada algılanan marka benzerliği ile marka sadakati, marka tatmini ve servis kalitesi ilgili anlamlı farklar bulunmuştur.