This article presents the design, fabrication, and testing of three heat conduction apparatuses needed for engineering students. These devices are the axial heat transfer apparatus (AHTA), radial heat transfer apparatus (RHTA), and fin heat transfer apparatus (FHTA). These three devices allow students to undertake experiments in conduction heat transfer. The laboratory staff, with the help of third- and fourth-year classes, took this effective step to carry out experiments related to the heat transfer course. The use of surplus materials and locally available low-cost new instruments make them suitable for performing successful laboratory experiments at an affordable cost. The total cost of the three devices is 750 US$. Currently, the devices are in service and show excellent performance. The devices and experiments demonstrated in this work are simple and easy to create. Their design and fabrication are based on tools that are readily available in an engineering department. The experiments achieve important aspects in the study of heat transfer, which enhances students’ understanding of the conduction mechanism in solids.
Energy and exergy analyses have been carried out on General Electric (GE) gas turbine unit in Shatt Al-Basra power plant located in Basra-Iraq. The analysis is based on both full-load and part-load actual operating data during the year 2017. An obvious drop off for plant performance characteristics is observed during the hot season. Energy and exergy analyses show that maximum thermal and exergy efficiencies were in February. Minimum exergy destruction in the unit is predicted in March. Improvement of the unit performance is recommended by installing intake air cooling as well as utilizing the discharged heat power that contains considerable work potential.
In this work, both energy and exergy analyses have been carried out on General Electric (GE) gas turbine unit found in Khor Al-Zubair gas turbine power plant located in Basra, Iraq. The analysis covers the ISO (international standards organization) operating conditions in addition to actual operating data recorded for one month in hot season July 2016. The feasibility of adopting a vapor compression cycle (VCC) for cooling the intake air is evaluated. Generally, the study reveals an obvious drop off for most plant performance characteristics while operating during the hot season. Energy and exergy analyses show that adopting the vapor compression cycle to enhance Khor Al-Zubair GE unit could improve the power output by 20% and 27% in case of part-load and full-load conditions respectively. Both of first and second law efficiencies could be improved by 3.5% at part-load and 9% at full load. The expected cooling load needed for the unit is in the range of 2697 to 3024.5 TR according to part-load and full-load operation respectively. Only total irreversibility of the unit is expected to increase in case of adopting VCC and this will not impair the improvement in second law efficiency of the unit. Among the unit components, combustion chamber has the largest computed irreversibility. Further improvement is recommended by utilizing the released heat energy to the atmosphere, which is characterized by significant work potential.
Reducing electric power consumption is a critical issue, especially in areas with elevated temperatures such as Iraq. In Basra city, the electric power consumption, due to the air conditioning units (ACU), is extremely high. In this work, an evaporative cooling unit (ECU) is fabricated and tested, being retrofitted with the condenser part of a splittype air conditioner. The experimental procedure is done in Basra Engineering Technical College. The present work is categorized with two cases. In case one, the system runs without using the ECU, while in Case Two the system is tested with the ECU. Results show that decreasing the inlet air temperature to the condenser will reduce the condensation and evaporation temperatures. Furthermore, it decreases the compression pressure ratio and increases the refrigerant mass flow rate. With this modification, it is found that the consumption power is decreased by 26% and the COP increased by 90% compared with case one. The second law analysis of the modified system shows that using an ECU will decrease most of the exergy destruction and losses in the components. Only exergy destruction in the evaporator is increased. The second law system efficiency is improved by 69.5%.
In this research, a two – dimensional numerical investigation is conducted to show the ability of the jet-ejector to prepare the air – methane mixture at different equivalence ratio. The basic dimensions (diameters ratio, throat length, angle α, and angle θ) of the jet-ejector are taken into account on calculating the equivalence ratio. The results showed that the ratio of the diameters has a higher effect than other parameters on preparing a mixture for equivalent ratios including both rich and lean mixture. The rest of the factors did not have a significant effect on the value of the equivalence ratio, and only had a role in preparing an equivalence ratio for rich mixture type.
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