There were no significant differences in somatic growth or neurologic handicap at an age of 18 to 24 months in infants resuscitated with either 21% or 100% O2 at birth. Based on these data, resuscitation with ambient air seems to be safe, at least in most cases. More studies are needed to settle this issue.

Background: ENSTN is the first database to collect incidents and medical errors in NICU in Egypt. To ensure confidential and anonymous reporting system, identify the nature of medical errors and grade of harm as well as the risk factors. To promote patient safety culture and aid to decrease mortality and morbidity due to medical errors in NICU. Methods: Data reported by one University hospital and 12 non-University hospitals were collected through internet-based system on our webpage. Incident reporting icon in English and Arabic languages with standard structured data entry format was developed during the ENSTN project life time (www.egyneosafety.net).The system provides confidential and anonymous reporting. The number and types of reported events and factors that contributed to the events were verified and validated. Results: In total, 2724 incidents were verified. The majority of incidents were from the English versions 2699 while Arabic version 25 incidents. English first version 866 incidents, second 155 and third final versions 1678 incidents. The most frequent events categories were equipment/ devices in 29.94%, and treatment/medication errors in 29.68%. Incident classification showed that 43.20% of incidents were adverse events, 5.928% were sentinel, 50.166% near miss and 0. 222% intentionally unsafe act, while 0.481% of incidents were not determined by reporters. The most frequent contributory factors were related to medication errors (28.34%), education/training (28.26%), and communication problems (27.82%). Serious patient harm was reported in 2.945%, death in 4.528% and minor harm in 25.259% of reported incidents. Conclusions: The ENSTN incidents reporting system successfully demonstrated the most common types and causes of medical errors in NICUs and underlying contributing factors. These findings suggest need multidisciplinary collaborative training. The ENSTN educational forum may play a role in reducing medical errors.

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Background: Patient safety is fundamental to upholding the quality of health care. Health-care workers in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) face daily challenges to sustain safe care for their patients and to counteract medical errors. Aims: The objectives were to develop the Egyptian Neonatal Safety Training Network (ENSTN) to promote safe health care practices in NICUs through training of Health-care workers on PtS and dissemination of a culture for patient safety. Methods: The ENSTN project accomplishments were completed through 8 work packages. The first package activities were intended to establish standards of knowledge and skills for safe practices in the NICU, develop the course specifications for PtS and develop standards. The remaining packages included: a professional patient safety reporting system and database; cohesive shared education and training in patient safety leadership and research; development of protocols and guidelines to enhance and ensure sustainability of safe practice; dissemination of ENSTN messages; confirmation of quality measures and adequate performance; sustainability of patient safety practices in the NICU; and structuring the management plan and facilitating project activities. Results: Project outputs included: patient safety standards for NICUs in Arabic and English; 3 patient safety courses for physicians, nurses and other health-care workers the ENSTN electronic reporting system for medical errors and guidelines; and a parent's booklet. Conclusions: Continuous organized training for health-care workers on patient safety and implementation of ENSTN standards to reduce medical errors in the NICU are needed. We implemented the first confidential patient safety reporting system for NICU.