Objective: To assess the role of 10-2 visual field (VF) test in different stages of glaucoma. Methods: In our prospective comparative study, 24-2 and 10-2 VF tests were done for 115 eyes with different stages of glaucomatous damage or glaucoma suspects. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed in 79 eyes. We compared field changes of the central 10° on 10-2 and 24-2 tests and studied the correlation between the mean deviation (MD) measured by the two tests. Results: In seven glaucoma suspects, glaucoma diagnosis was missed by 24-2 test but was detected by 10-2 test and confirmed by OCT. In the eyes with early damage, there was no correlation between 10-2 and 24-2 tests regarding the MD of the central 10º. In moderate and severe stages, there was a significant correlation between the results of 24-2 and 10-2 tests. Conclusion: We concluded that 10-2 test could help confirm glaucoma diagnosis in glaucoma suspects missed by 24-2 test before resorting to the more expensive OCT. In early glaucoma, we noted that 10-2, as confirmed by OCT, was a beneficial addition to 24-2 test for precise measurement of the MD and detection of defects of the central 10º missed by 24-2 test, where more intense treatment should be considered to preserve the threatened central visual function. In moderate and severe cases, the role of 10-2 test was not as pivotal as in early cases, but still it was useful for assessment of residual central visual function in severe cases with absolute central 10º defects on 24-2 test for proper management.

Objective: To investigate the effect of chronic smoking on the macula and optic nerve integrity using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: This prospective, comparative study involved the right eyes of 160 healthy subjects (80 smokers group, and 80 control group). OCTA scanning was performed for all subjects. All macular subfields thickness, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness, superficial and deep macular vessel density, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, and the macular outer retina flow area, were measured and analyzed. Results: The thickness of some macular subfields, inferior GCC, and RNFL was statistically significantly lower in the smokers’ group ( p  < 0.05). The FAZ area was 0.409  ± 0.048 mm2 in the smokers' group and 0.327  ± 0.055 mm2 in the control group ( p  < 0.001). The superficial foveal VD was 31.35  ± 5.79% in the smokers’ group and 33.63  ± 4.78% in the control group ( p  = 0.06). The deep foveal VD was 39.38  ± 4.56% in the smokers’ group and 34.15  ± 6.57% in the control group ( p  ≤ 0.001). The superficial and deep parafoveal VD was 52.09  ± 4.56% and 59.99  ± 2.25% respectively in the smokers’ group, and 54.75  ± 2.30% and 55.58  ± 4.69% respectively in the control group ( p  < 0.05). The macular outer retina flow area was 1.29  ± 0.12 mm2 in the smokers’ group and 1.16  ± 0.11 mm2 in the control group ( p  < 0.001). Conclusion: Chronic smoking affected the integrity of the macula and optic nerve. It decreased the macular VD, enlarged the FAZ, and increased outer retinal flow area.

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Background: Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the most important factors for diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma. IOP is currently the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma,cornea is the transparent tissue covering the front of the eye. It is a powerful refracting surface, providing 2/3 of the eye's focusing power. The adult cornea is only about 1/2 millimeter thick and is comprised of 6 layers: epithelium, Bowman's membrane, stroma, Dua's layer, Descemet's membrance and endothelium. Objectives: Evaluation of the Corneal Biomechanics in eyes with primary open angle glaucoma. Patients and Methods: This study is a prospective cross-sectional study, ocular response analyzer (ORA) parameters were measured in 40 patients with correlation to their Intraocular pressure (IOP), Perimetry (visual field) and ocular coherence tomography (OCT) retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) on 80 eyes, Patients ages range between 40-65 years old. The study was prepared on patients seeking treatment in ophthalmology polyclinic in The Memorial Institute of Ophthalmic Researches in Giza in the period from May 2018 to October 2019, they were screened to identify those with primary open angle glaucoma. Results: Our study was made to assess the correlation between corneal biomechanics Parameters (CH, CRF, IOPg and IOPcc) with visual field affection, OCT optic disc and IOPGAT in primary open angle glaucoma. Our study revealed that the corneal biomechanics Parameters are significantly lower in patients with advanced primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Conclusion: Studying corneal biomechanics is essential to enrich our ophthalmic knowledge and make better understanding of corneal pathologies, surgeries and glaucoma.