Background:Implant placement plays a vital role in oral rehabilitation following loss of the incisors. Thus, having knowledge of anatomical variations of adjacent neurovascular structures especially the nasopalatine canal (NPC) is essential. Due to the lack of basic information in Iran about the morphology of this canal and the probability of its variety in different populations, this study was designed on an Iranian population.Materials and Methods:In this descriptive study, we selected cone-beam computed tomography images of 198 patients comprising of 98 males and 100 females in two dental groups (edentulous or dentate). The shape of the nasopalatine foramen and the form of the canal in axial views were assessed. Then, the canal height and its diameter at the palatal, middle and nasal levels in cross-sectional images were measured. The available bone in the buccal and palatal sides of the canal was assessed. Data analysis was carried out using a Chi-square test and an independent t-test (P ≤ 0.05).Results:The majority of the samples (81.8%) presented a single foramen. Cylindrical shape (57.6%) was the most frequently detected canal form. The mean of the estimated canal height was 12.84 ± 2.88 mm. The canal diameter at the palatal level between the sexes and dental groups showed statistically significant differences.Conclusion:In our investigated population, the NPC form was mainly cylindrical with a single opening foramen. The mean of the canal height was higher than that found in other populations. Furthermore, the canal diameter in the edentulous group was greater than that observed in the other group.

Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal infection that usually affects patients with immunocompromised conditions. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the following corticosteroid therapy, mucormycosis prevalence has increased. The situation may be more complicated with some underlying diseases such as diabetes mellitus. In addition, due to the vicinity of maxillary bone to the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, which are the main routes for the infection to spread, dentists, maxillofacial radiologists, and surgeons may be the first to encounter these patients. Post-COVID mucormycosis osteomyelitis is one of the complications of this infection Bone destruction and the erosion or breach of cortical boundaries of the maxilla and the bone structures in the vicinity of paranasal sinuses are the most critical radiographic findings of post-covid osteomyelitis. Herein, there are some cases of post-covid mucormycosis osteomyelitis involving the maxillary and other facial bones.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of brain and neck injuries in patients with maxillofacial fractures in teaching hospitals of the city of Rasht in 2016. This is an analytical retrospective study. Some 361 patients of the training centers of Rasht who had been diagnosed with maxillofacial fractures entered the study, 286 of which were male and 75 were female. Information was collected through questionnaires and patients' records who admitted to Emergency Department of Poursina and Velayat Hospitals with maxillofacial fractures. The patients were examined to see whether they have brain and cervical spine injuries. The diagnosis of the fracture and brain and neck injuries had been separately written by the related doctors on the records of the patients based on clinical examination and Plain radiography and CT scans. After data collection, the results were analyzed. The results showed that 61 percent of the fractures were due to accidents. Among the most common spine damages, 77 percent were related to bone fractures. The highest frequency of brain damages was related to Extradural Hematoma by 23.65 percent. Results of the treatments also showed that 76% of the patients were partially recovered.

Background: There are controversies on the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of low-level laser therapy on pain, edema, and trismus after mandibular third molar extraction surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on discomforts occurring after the mandibular wisdom tooth removal. Materials and Methods: This double-blind, split-mouth design, randomized clinical trial study was performed on 36 healthy controls with bilateral symmetrical mandibular third molar referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Dental Faculty from January to November 2019. After surgical extraction, the laser group underwent laser (Ga-Al-As diode laser, 808 nm, 200 mW) intraorally and extraorally just after surgery and 24 h after surgery. For the placebo group, the handpiece was inserted without laser irradiation. The pain level was assessed by Baker Wong scale at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 h postoperatively, and the edema and the extent of mouth opening were examined before surgery, at the 1st and 7th days after surgery. The data were collected and analyzed by SPSS at the significant level of 0.05. Results: The statistical analysis of 32 participants' data (laser group: n = 32, placebo group: n = 32) indicated that the mean score of pain in 3 days after surgery in the interventional group was significantly lower than the score of the placebo group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the swelling and the extent of the mouth opening differed significantly between the two groups at 1st and 7th days after the procedure (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Our findings showed that the LLLT had beneficial effects on the management of pain, edema, and trismus following after 3rd molar extraction surgery.

Purpose To assess the maxillary and mandibular donor sites on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images using Mimics software. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 CBCT scans. Data in DICOM format were transferred to Mimics software version 21, and a maxillary and a mandibular mask according to cortical and cancellous bones were virtually created for each patient based on Hounsfield units (HUs). Three-dimensional models were reconstructed, boundaries were defined for donor sites including mandibular symphysis, ramus, and coronoid process, zygomatic buttress, and maxillary tuberosity, and virtual osteotomy was conducted on the 3D models to harvest bone. The volume, thickness, width, and length of harvestable bone from each site were quantified by the software. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s test (alpha = 0.05). Results The greatest difference in harvestable bone volume and length was observed between ramus and tuberosity (P < 0.001). The maximum and minimum harvestable bone volumes were found in symphysis (1753.54 mm3) and tuberosity (84.99 mm3). The greatest difference in width and thickness was noted between the coronoid process and tuberosity (P < 0.001), and symphysis and buttress (P < 0.001), respectively. Harvestable bone volume from tuberosity, length, width and volume from symphysis, and volume and thickness from the coronoid process were significantly greater in males (P < 0.05). Conclusion The harvestable bone volume was the highest in symphysis followed by ramus, coronoid, buttress, and tuberosity. The harvestable bone length and width was the highest in symphysis and coronoid process, respectively. Maximum harvestable bone thickness was found in symphysis.