The microwave spectrum of 3,4-dimethylfluorobenzene was measured using a pulsed molecular jet Fourier transform microwave spectrometer operating in the frequency range from 2.0 to 26.5 GHz with the goal of quantifying the steric effects on the barriers to internal rotation of the two inequivalent methyl groups. Due to these torsional motions, splittings of all rotational transitions into quintets were observed and fitted with residuals close to measurement accuracy. The experimental work was supported by quantum chemical calculations, and the B3LYP-D3BJ/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory yielded accurate optimized geometry parameters to guide the assignment. The three-fold potential values of 456.19(13) cm −1 and 489.77(15) cm −1 for the methyl groups at the meta and para position, respectively, deduced from the experiments are compared with the predicted values and those of other toluene derivatives.

Large amplitude motion of methyl groups in isolated molecules is a fundamental phenomenon in molecular physics. The methyl torsional barrier is sensitive to the steric and electronic environment in the surrounding of the methyl group, making the methyl group a detector of the molecular structure. To probe this effect, the microwave spectrum of 2,6‐dimethylfluorobenzene, one of the six isomers of dimethylfluorobenzene, was measured using two pulsed molecular jet Fourier transform microwave spectrometers operating in the frequency range from 2 to 40 GHz. Due to internal rotations of two equivalent methyl groups with relatively low torsional barriers, all rotational transitions split into quartets with separations of up to several hundreds of MHz. The splittings were analyzed and modeled to deduce a torsional barrier of 236.7922 (21) cm−1. The results are compared to those obtained from quantum chemical calculations and with other fluorine substituted toluene derivatives of the current literature where the methyl group is adjacent to a fluorine atom.