The aim of this study was to evaluate a recently developed preclinical injection and cavity preparation model in local anesthesia. Thirty-three dental students administered an inferior alveolar nerve block injection in the model, followed by preparation on a tooth. The injection was evaluated by three observers, and the feedback from the model was registered. After completion of the practical session, the opinion of the dental students was explored with a ten-item questionnaire. Thirty dental students (91 percent) performed the injection correctly according to the feedback of the model, and twenty-eight students (85 percent) did so according to the expert opinion. The agreement between feedback from the training model and the expert opinion was high. The students were very satisied with the opportunity to practice with the training model, as indicated by the high scores on each item of the questionnaire. These results suggest that use of this preclinical training model in anesthesia teaching may have beneicial effects on the administration of local anesthetics by dental students.
The air gap response and potential deck impact of ocean structures under waves is the main topic of this research. In this paper, an analytical prediction of the air gap for floating offshore structures using direct Boundary Element Method (BEM) is presented. The main advantage of direct boundary element method is the fact that one can determine the total velocity potential directly. Direct BEM is more versatile and computationally more efficient than indirect BEM. Besides, the direct BEM can easily be coupled with other numerical methods, e.g. finite element method (FEM) in order to carry out structural analysis of the platform’s deck due to possible impact. Firstly, the direct boundary element method will be reviewed. Secondly, the boundary value problem of interaction between regular sea waves and a semi-submersible and air gap responses due to the motion of the platform and the local wave elevations (including both radiation and diffraction waves) will be described. Then, the direct boundary element method will be applied to predict of the air gap at different field points of ALBORZ semi-submersible drilling unit, which is the largest semi-submersible drilling platform under construction for a location in the Caspian Sea, North of Iran. In addition, the results obtained from the direct BEM will be compared with those obtained by the designers of the ALBORZ semi-submersible. To determine the influence of the structure’s motions on the air gap, the results for both fixed and free-floating structure cases will be compared. Physical simulations using model will be carried out in the future in order to compare the results of the experiments with predictions.
Building Information Modelling is progressing and improving stakeholders' abilities to manage their projects from very basic steps to their retirement. BIM is preparing a comprehensive basis to facilitate access to all information of the elements and the whole project on the nD platform; also, it helps to provide detailed progress reports at any time. A global movement is being started to implement BIM and use its advantages. In spite of all achieved benefits due to BIM adoption and all investigations, a limited number of countries prepared approved roadmap, and related rules and regulations. In this paper, the BIM implementation state is investigated in three categories globally based on a literature review. Also, the barriers and challenges hindering the BIM adoption extracted, and the ten most frequent global impediments achieved that lack of trained personnel is the most crucial impediment in the way of BIM, and absence of awareness around the BIM advantages is second; also, heavy initial funding is hindering BIM. In addition, it is vital to compensate for the lack of needed rules and regulations; conversely, successful BIM adoption requires powerful support from the government. The additional barrier is sticking to traditional methods, and resisting change, as well as sufficient and efficient training, is a crucial activity to adopting BIM. Likewise, providing appropriate software requires considerable investment; governmental supports, as the key, driver will remove barriers and facilitate the process; also, it requires to develop investigations to generate BIM science and technology that will motivate industry.
A comparative study between the theoretical and experimental analysis of air gap response and potential wave-on-deck impact forces of floating offshore structures is the main topic of this study. Both motion of the platform and the local wave elevation are important in air gap responses and wave impact forces. So, accurate and efficient computational analysis of wave induced loads and resulting platform’s responses and wave elevation is important in the prediction of air gap and evaluation of possible wave impact force. Numerical modelling for air gap and wave impact prediction is particularly complicated in the case of floating offshore structures because of their large volume, and the resulting effects of wave diffraction and radiation. Therefore, for new floating platforms, the model tests are often performed as part of their design process. The overall aim of this study is to introduce a simplified numerical method with sufficient accuracy suitable for preliminary design stages of a floating offshore platform to predict the air gap response using hybrid method and to evaluate the vertical wave impact force using Wagner-based method. The results obtained from the proposed method have been compared with those obtained from the experiments carried out in the wave tank of the Newcastle University.
A three-dimensional hydrodynamic analysis of interaction between a floating offshore structure and sea waves has been carried out using a novel approach which is based on the weighted residual technique and the direct boundary element method. The main advantage of the direct boundary element method is the fact that one can determine the total velocity potential directly. Direct BEM is more versatile and computationally more efficient than indirect BEM. Besides, the BEM can easily be coupled with other numerical methods, e.g. finite element method (FEM) in order to carry out structural analysis of deck of the platform due to impact. Firstly, the boundary value problem of three-dimensional interaction between regular sea waves and a semi-submersible will be described. Secondly, the direct boundary element method has been applied to predict hydrodynamic behaviour of Khazar Semi-Submersible Drilling Unit (KSSDU), which is the largest semi-submersible drilling platform under construction for a location in the Caspian Sea, North of Iran. The rigid body motion responses in six degrees of freedom of KHAZAR semi-submersible in response to encountering waves have been calculated by using the direct boundary element method. The results obtained from the direct BEM will be compared with those obtained by the results based on the conventional boundary element method (indirect BEM) which were obtained by the designers of KHAZAR semi-submersible.
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