Abstrak Pengembangan teknologi dapat dilakukan dengan rekayasa material, salah satunya pada pembuatan komposit. Pada pengembangan komposit berbasis polistiren nanoclay, faktor utama yang menentukan keberhasilan dalam peningkatan sifat material adalah pendispersian nanoclay dalam matrik polimer yaitu masuknya molekul polimer diantara lapisan silika sehingga nanoclay akan terdistribusi secara acak kedalam matrik polimer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan komposisi yang terbaik dari komposit nanoclay polistiren dan menentukan karakteristiknya. Parameter yang divariasikan adalah komposisi nanoclay (1%, 3% dan 5%) dan lamanya putaran pada mesin ekstruder (50, 80 dan 120 rpm). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi nanoclay 3% pada kecepatan screw 50 rpm memiliki nilai terbaik pada uji kuat tarik, yaitu sebesar 55,15 MPa dengan nilai d-spacing (berdasarkan uji XRD) sebesar 4,6nm. Hasil pengamatan dengan menggunakan SEM menunjukan telah terbentuk interkalasi pada komposit nanoclay- polistirena. Kata kunci : Nanoclay, komposit, polistiren, XRD, SEM Abstract Technology development can be done with materials engineering , one of them in the manufacture of composites . On the development of polymer -based nanoclay composites, the main factor that determines the success in improving the material properties are dispersing of nanoclay in the polymer matrix , namely the inclusion of the silica layer between the polymer molecules, so nanoclay will be randomly distributed into the polymer matrix . This study aims to get the best composition of nanoclay composite polystyrene and determine its characteristics . The parameters varied are the nanoclay composition ( 1 % , 3 % and 5 % ) and the length of the extruder machine in the range of (50 , 80 and 120 rpm). The results showed that 3 % nanoclay concentration at 50 rpm screw speed has the best value on the tensile strength test, which amounted to 55.15 MPa with ad - spacing values ( based on XRD test ) of 4.6 nm . Using SEM observations showed intercalation was formed on polystyrene - nanoclay composites Keywords : Nanoclay , composites , polystyrene, XRD, SEM
This research explain about garbage carrier roboboat. the purpose of making this robot is to reduce the trash found on river surfaces. Indonesia is an archipelagic country, this country dominated by ocean as rives estuary, however many of the resources produced from the sea have been polluted due to dirty and full of garbage from the river. So with the creation of this robot, it is expected to minimize the pollution. The shape of this robot is a boat that can operate in rivers and waters that still allows this robot to operate. This robot uses a brushless motor to move on the surface of the water and electronic speed control to control the brusless motor speed with the PWM setting method, for the navigation system the HC5409 ultrasonic sensor is used to detect any obstacles that avoid collisions, then image processing techniques are applied to detect garbage on the surface of the water, The Matlab R2012a program is an application used to process this image processing technique. In sum, the working process of this boat robot is, first, the navigating robot looks for garbage objects by detecting it using image processing. If garbage is detected, the robot will maneuver and activate brushless motors with garbage manuever algorithms, instructions sent from the microcontroller to Arduino Mega 2560, the robot approaches garbage object and crawl it. There are two garbage objects determined, namely styrefoam and a blue bottle, this boat can execute advanced, right and left maneuvers with the percentage of success reaching 80-90%. The advantage of this boat is that garbage objects can be detected from various directions and operate semi-automatically . Keywords :MATLAB, Image processing ,Motor brushless, Arduino Mega 2560 , manuever .
Summary: Rubber nanocomposites based on the natural rubber (NR) and organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) were prepared by melt intercalation technique using a laboratory open mill followed by compression molding. Organically modified organoclays with different d-spacing were added to the natural rubber matrix to examine the influence of d-spacing of organoclay on morphology, curing characteristic and mechanical property of nanocomposite. The characterizations were carried out by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron, atomic force microscopy and moving die rheometer. The results show that melt mixing by an open mill is an effective method for dispersing OMMT throughout the natural rubber matrix especially for organoclay cloisite 15A whose d-spacing is high and well dispersed in natural rubber matrix. The hardness and stresses at low strain of NR/organoclay nanocomposites slightly increased with increasing d-spacing of organoclay, but elongation at break decreased. The swelling behavior of NR/ organoclay nanocomposite improved with increasing d-spacing of organoclay.
Polypropylene can be improved an electrical conductivity by addition of carbon and multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) as well as combination with copper (Cu) powder. Multiwall carbon nanotube used from 0.1 wt%, 0.5 wt% to 1 wt% while the addition of Cu powder into PP/C was various from 0.1 wt%, 0.2wt% to 0.5wt% respectively. This research focuses on material design of composite based on polymer and carbon to improve an electrical conductivity according to electrical conductivity requirement for bipolar plate. Bipolar plate is one of the components in PEMFC constituted a crucial component that collects and transfers electron from the anode to the cathode, therefore it should possess high electrical conductivity. The main discussion in this research is to analyze the role of multiwall carbon nano tube (MWCNT) and copper on electrical conductivity of polymer composites produced. Functional groups analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was also carried out to investigate whether carbon has been mixed perfectly within polypropylene. It is found that the effect of adding a small amount of MWCNT and Cu have improved their electrical conductivity of composites up to 15.62 S/cm.
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