This study aims at evaluating the performance of thiamine as a new eco-friendly shale inhibitor in water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs). The evaluation experiments include sedimentation, bentonite inhibition, filtration, zeta potential, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, shale cuttings recovery, linear swelling and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The performance of thiamine was compared to potassium chloride. In contrast to deionized water, the aqueous solution of thiamine exhibited greater power to inhibit montmorillonite (Mt) dispersion, much more Mt loading capacity (280 g/L) and fluid loss, lower Mt mass loss, larger aggregated Mt particles, lower interlayer space of the Mt particles, less shale cuttings disintegration and lower linear swelling. Adsorption of thiamine on Mt led to a significant shift in the value of zeta potential (from −17.1 to +8.54 mV). Thiamine demonstrated superior inhibitive performance than potassium chloride. FTIR analysis confirmed that thiamine is adsorbed on Mt particles. The compatibility test revealed the compatibility of thiamine with conventional WBDF additives. It was concluded that the main probable inhibition mechanisms of thiamine are the cation exchange and Mt surface coating. In view of its prominent inhibition capacity and great environmental acceptability, thiamine is a promising inhibitor for drilling in water-sensitive formations.
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<p>Polymers have been used for many years to control the mobility of injected water and increase the rate of oil extraction from unconventional reservoirs. Polymer flossing improves the volume of the broom, reduces the finger effect, creates channels, and delays water breakage. The combination of these processes has the potential to increase oil production and reduce production costs. To carry out this process, various polymers are used alone or in combination with surfactants and alkalis. In this study, a new type of polymer called FLOPPAM 3630 has been used to investigate the overload of very heavy oil reservoirs. For this purpose, six polymer solutions with different concentrations were made, and stability tests on shear rate, time, and temperature were performed. The polymer's stability results indicate that it is stable under other shear rate, temperature, and time passage conditions. As a result, this polymer is a suitable candidate for conducting silicification tests in reservoir temperature conditions. Then three more suitable polymer solutions were selected, and the polymer was polished. The results showed that the solution with a concentration of 1000 ppm has the best yield of about 40%. The reason for the good efficiency of this concentration is that the surface and vertical sweepers are higher than the other concentrations. Also, the difference in efficiency between less than 1000 and 2000 ppm is greater because it is more economical, and its injectability is easier to use with less concentration. Furthermore, the oil efficiency of this type of polymer in sandblasting is higher than that of other polymers tested under these conditions, making its use more economical.</p>
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