This study indicates that the dominant HCV genotype among patients living in Tehran was 1a.

Background Given the importance of spiritual health, resilience and happiness to encounter challenges facing dental students, we aimed to examine these variables, their relationship and the mediating role of resilience between spiritual health and happiness among a group of Iranian dental students in Islamic Azad University of Isfahan. Methods In this cross-sectional study, utilizing a stratified sampling method, 150 volunteer dental students in different academic years filled in the Persian version of Spiritual Well-Being scale, the Persian version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Isfahan-Fordyce Happiness Inventory. Independent t-test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Pearson correlation coefficient served for statistical analysis. In addition, we conducted a Structural Equation Modeling analysis. Results The mean age of the students was 23.43 ± 3.11, and 56% were women. The mean score of spiritual health, resilience, and happiness was 89.27 ± 16.69, 90.19 ± 15.03, and 295.17 ± 65.82, respectively. Spiritual health of a great majority of dental students was upper medium or high (87.3%), most of them had high level of resilience (69.3%), and 55.3% reported medium level of happiness. Spiritual health was directly associated with both happiness and resilience (p <  0.001). Resilience acted as an intermediary variable between spiritual health and happiness (p <  0.001). Conclusions Spiritual health was associated with increased happiness, and this relationship was mediated by resilience. Thus, it is recommended to address the issue of spiritual health to those students with lower scores in order to increase their resilience and their level of happiness.

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Background In recent years, musculoskeletal ultrasound has increasingly become the common method for diagnosis for many medical specialties. Therefore, the present study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) as a primary triage tool in the diagnosis of the acute medial meniscus injury of the knee. Materials and methods The present cross-sectional study was performed on patients with a suspected medial meniscus injury of the knee in the emergency department (ED). After history taking and primary physical examination, radiographic imaging of the knee was done. If there was no fracture in the knee X-ray, the POCUS examination on the knee was carried out. All the patients were asked to refer to an orthopedic clinic 2 weeks after discharge from ED for the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) evaluation. Finally, the POCUS findings were compared with the MRI findings in diagnosing medial meniscus injury. Results Fifty-five patients with a mean age of 35.48 ± 11.58 years were analyzed in the study (69.1% male). In comparison with MRI scan, the sensitivity and specificity of POCUS in the detection of medial meniscus injury were 85.0 [95% confidence interval (CI), 54.0 to 98.9] and 65.7% [95% CI 42.2 to 85.7], respectively. Its positive and negative predictive values were 58.6% [95% CI 33.8 to 81.5] and 88.5% [95% CI 62.1 to 99.3], respectively. (Area under the ROC curve = 0.726, P value = 0.003). Conclusion The present study demonstrated that POCUS can reasonably be applied in comparison with MRI to evaluate medial meniscus injury. POCUS is an effective initial diagnostic modality in patients with suspected medial meniscus injuries.

Background and objectives: Hip dysplasia is a common hip disease which could be diagnosed in different ages and Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common surgical procedure for dysplastic hip in adults. Cup placement in patients with false acetabulum formation could be performed in true or false acetabulum. The current study aimed at evaluating and comparing the effectiveness of these two procedures in patients with Crowe type 3 or 4 dysplastic hip underwent THA. Methods: In this randomized open label parallel group clinical trial 67 patients/71 hips with crowe type 3 or 4 dysplastic hip undergoing THA were assigned to Group 1: patients with cup placement in true acetabulum or group 2: patients with cup placement in false acetabulum. Severity of pain was assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS), range of motion (ROM), limb discrepancy, gait ability, need for repeated joint replacement and also Harris hip score. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS software version 20.Results: 67 patients/71hips entered the current study with the mean age of 50.51± 9.94 years. Two study groups were comparable in terms of basic characteristics (P> 0.05). No significant differences were observed between two groups regarding mean values of VAS, ROM, limb discrepancy and Harris hip score (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Cup placements in true or false acetabulum showed comparable effectiveness on all studied main orthopedics outcomes which are clinically important. We recommend more clinical trial studies with larger sample size for confirming our study results.