Background:Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to early adulthood. Because of the immense pressure imposed on adolescents due to the complications and ambiguities of this transition, their level of excitement increases and sometimes it appears in the form of sensitivity and intense excitement.Objectives:This study aimed at determining the effectiveness of assertiveness training on the levels of stress, anxiety, and depression of high school students.Materials and Methods:This quasi-experimental study was conducted on high school students of Isfahan in academic year 2012 - 13. A total of 126 second grade high school students were collected according to simple random sampling method and divided into two groups: experimental with 63 participants and control with the same number. Data gathering instruments included a demographic questionnaire, Gambill-Richey assertiveness scale, and depression anxiety stress scales (DASS-21). Assertiveness training was carried out on the experimental group in 8 sessions; after 8 weeks, posttest was carried out on both groups. Statistical tests such as independent t test, repeated measures ANOVA, Chi-square test, and the Mann-Whitney test were used to interpret and analyze the data.Results:The Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests did not show significant statistical differences between the two groups in terms of demographic variables (P ≥ 0.05). Repeated measures ANOVA showed no significant difference between the mean scores for assertiveness before (100.23 ± 7.37), immediately after (101.57 ± 16.06), and 2 months after (100.77 ± 12.50) the intervention in the control group. However, the same test found a significant difference between the mean score for assertiveness in the experimental group before (101.6 ± 9.1), immediately after (96.47 ± 10.84), and 2 months after (95.41 ± 8.37) implementing the training program (P = 0.002). The independent t test showed no significant difference in the mean score for anxiety and stress between two groups before the assertiveness training program; however, 2 months after the intervention, the mean score for anxiety in the experimental group was found significantly lower than the control group. As for the mean score for depression, the independent t test showed no significant difference between two groups before training; however, despite the decrease in the mean scores for depression in the experimental group following the intervention, the difference was not significant (P = 0.09).Conclusions:The results of the current study show that conducting assertive training in high school students decreases their anxiety, stress, and depression. Given that high school years are among the most sensitive stages of one’s life plus the fact that conducting such training programs besides their safe and low cost nature are effective and practical, it is highly recommended that such programs be carried out among high school adolescents.
Background: Participation in the organ donation process is a part of the expected activities in the nursing profession and nurses play a major role in this regard. Providing correct information by nurses increases the number of organ donors and it requires knowledge and positive attitude towards organ donation. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of clinical scenario-based educational workshop and rethinking on the knowledge and attitude of head nurses and clinical supervisors working in Valiasr Hospital of Fasa in southwestern of Iran in 2019. Materials and Methods: This was a pre-test and post-test type of quasi-experimental study. A total of 50 head nurses and clinical supervisors were randomly divided into intervention and control groups (each group contained 25 subjects). Reflective thinking and clinical scenario-based educational program was implemented for the intervention group in four sessions, 2 hours per session. Then, the mean score of knowledge and attitude in both groups was assessed before, immediately and one month after intervention. Data were analyzed using independent t-test ، Chi-square and ANOVA through SPSS, version 22, software. Results: The attitude (P=0.47) and knowledge (P=0.78) of head nurses and clinical supervisors in two groups did not differ significantly before training. Intervention group had a significant improvement in attitude and knowledge after training compared to the control group. (P<0.05) Conclusion: Clinical scenario-based education and Reflective thinking was effective in enhancing the knowledge and attitude of nurses towards brain death and organ donation. Thus, it is recommended that nursing managers can consider necessary measures and plans in this regard.
Background Resilience is the ability to overcome adversity in response to a potentially traumatic event. It can relieve people’s discomfort and build personal capacity when facing a stressful situation such as beta thalassemia major. Resilience is a complex and multidimensional concept and is influenced by protective and risk factors. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to (1) investigate the relationship between protective (social support and hope) and risk (uncertainty and defensive coping) factors with resilience and (2) examine the mediating role of courageous coping between these protective and risk factors in resilience. Methods This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 312 adolescents and young adults with beta-thalassemia major aged 12–24 years; they were selected using purposeful sampling from two different outpatient thalassemia clinics in the south of Iran. Data were collected in a face-to-face survey using Zimmet Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Herth Hope, Stewart Uncertainty in Illness scale, Jalowiec Coping, and Connor–Davidson resilience Scale from April 2022 to November 2022. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive tests, Pearson correlation, and a structural equation model. Results According to the main findings of mediation analysis, courageous coping partially mediated the relationship between social support and resilience [(β = 0.042; 95% BC CI (0.003, 0.131)] and fully mediated the relationship between hope and resilience [(β = 0.166; 95% BC CI (0.031, 0.348)]. In other cases, uncertainty and defensive coping had a direct and indirect effect on resilience, respectively. Conclusion Based on these results, health professionals and healthcare policymakers should consider this mediator in developing programs to improve resilience. Also, the use of courageous coping could modulate the effect of defensive coping on resilience. Therefore, teaching the use of courageous coping can play an important role in improving resilience.
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