The water distribution network (WDN) sectorisation problem is characterised by structural and hydraulic requirements that make existing graph partitioning techniques inadequate to find a good solution. Specifically, sector isolation and direct access to at least one source for each sector are not addressed. This study proposes a method to address structural requirements of water network sectorisation with minimum negative impact on the hydraulic requirements. This paper first elaborates the sectorisation problem and discusses the requirements of water network sectorisation. Then, it proposes a novel method, called WDN-PARTITION, which applies a new heuristic structural graph partitioning algorithm, combined with a many-objective optimisation procedure, to find near-optimal arrangements of nodes into sectors. The criteria of optimisation and their priorities can be specified for each case. The outcome of the method is a set of non-dominated sectorisation solutions, ranked lexicographically based on their values for the chosen criteria and their priorities, from which the final decision can be made by the domain experts. WDN-PARTITION has been implemented and integrated with a hydraulic network simulator. The simulation-based evaluation results demonstrate that WDN-PARTITION generally achieves its design objectives to partition a water network into isolated sectors with a minimal negative impact on the hydraulic performance criteria of the network.
Partitioning a water distribution network (WDN) into smaller sub-networks (called district metered areas, or DMAs) is a strategy to manage its complexity. A number of requirements for WDN partitioning make existing graph partitioning techniques inefficient at finding a good solution. There are also other structural and hydraulic constraints, such as partition size, minimum nodes' elevation difference in partitions, and water velocity in pipes that make the identification of an efficient partitioning a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a technique called WDN-Cluster to solve this partitioning problem for gravitydriven water distribution networks. WDN-Cluster applies a combination of structural graph partitioning and multi-objective optimization based on NSGA-II to find a good arrangement of nodes into DMAs.
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Abstract:Monitoring and adaptation of multilayer systems are challenging, because the mismatches and adaptations are interrelated across the layers. This interrelation introduces two important but difficult questions. 1) When a system change causes mismatches in one layer, how to identify all the cascaded mismatches on the other layers? 2) When an adaptation is performed at one layer, how to find out all the complementary adaptations required in other layers. This paper presents a model-driven engineering approach towards cross-layer monitoring and adaption of multilayer systems. We provide standard meta-modeling languages for system experts to specify the concepts and constraints separately for each layer, as well as the relations among the concepts from different layers. An automated engine uses these meta-level specifications to 1) represent the system states on each layer as a runtime model, 2) evaluate the constraints to detect mismatches and assist adaptations within a layer, and 3) synchronize the models to identify cascaded mismatches and complementary adaptations across the layers. We illustrate the approach on a simulated crisis management system, and are using it on a number of ongoing projects.
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