This study demonstrated the feasibility of a biological denitrification process using immobilized Pseudomonas stutzeri. The microbial cellulose (MC) from Acetobacter xylinum was used as the support material for immobilization of the bacterium. Nitrate removal took place mainly in the anoxic system. The effects of various operating conditions such as the initial nitrate concentration, pH, and carbon source on biological denitrification were demonstrated experimentally. The system demonstrated a high capacity for reducing nitrate concentrations under optimum conditions. The denitrification rate increased up to a maximal value of 1.6 kg NO 3 -N m -3 day -1 with increasing nitrate loading rate. Because of its porosity and purity, MC may be considered as appropriate supports for adsorbed immobilized cells. The simplicity of immobilization and high efficiency in operation are the main advantages of such systems. To date, the immobilization of microorganisms onto MC has not been carried out. The results of this research shows that a pilot bioreactor containing P. stutzeri immobilized on MC exhibited efficient denitrification with a relatively low retention time.

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Context: Constipation as a common morbidity among people is related to many disorders. Iranian-Islamic traditional medicine (IITM) is an ancient comprehensive medicine school that has a holistic attitude toward human health and disease. Constipation is considered by scholar IITM as the origin of many human disorders. This study aimed to describe viewpoints of IITM scholars toward constipation and its management. Evidence Acquisition: The main ancient resources in IITM were reviewed and a structural description was created about constipation and its management. Results: According to IITM, constipation is defined as defecation less than one time daily with firm and dry consistency. It is considered in IITM as a sign of maltempered body that if prolonged, could lead to the accumulation of harmful homors and its associated diseases like cancer. Some general recommendations of IITM help us to prevent and treat constipation; such as chewing food well, avoid of dry cold fiberless diet, regular aerobic exercise, and correction of body temperament. Moreover, diet therapy with high fiber fruits and vegetables, manipulative therapy such as abdominal massage with warm oils, and medication with herbal laxative or purgative drugs are specific therapeutic methods for constipation recommended by IITM scholars. Conclusions: It seems the holistic attitude of IITM toward constipation and comprehensiveness of its recommendations could be considered in health-related interventions and could ensure community health promotion.

2020): Photocatalytic removal of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid from aqueous solution using tungsten oxide doped zinc oxide nanoparticles immobilised on glass beads, Environmental Technology,

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