An anti-solvent for graphene oxide (GO), hexane, is introduced to increase the surface area and the pore volume of the non-stacked GO/reduced GO 3D structure and allows the formation of a highly crumpled non-stacked GO powder, which clearly shows ideal supercapacitor behavior.

A molecular ultra-thin film (for example, a molecular monolayer) with graphene electrodes would allow for the realization of superior stable, transparent and flexible electronics. A realistic prospect regarding the use of graphene in two-terminal molecular electronic devices is to fabricate a chemically stable, optically transparent, mechanically flexible and molecularly compatible junction. Here we report on a novel photo-switchable molecular monolayer, one side chemically and the other side physically anchored between the two graphene electrodes. The photo-switchable organic molecules specified with an electrophilic group are chemically self-assembled into a monolayer on the graphene bottom electrode, while the other end is physically contacted to the graphene top electrode; this arrangement provides excellent stability for a highly transparent and flexible molecular monolayer device with a high device yield due to soft contacts at the top electrode interface. Thus, the transparent graphene electrodes allow stable molecular photo-switching due to photoinduced changes in the molecular conformational length.

Although there are numerous reports of high performance supercapacitors with porous graphene, there are few reports to control the interlayer gap between graphene sheets with conductive molecular linkers (or molecular pillars) through a π-conjugated chemical carbon-carbon bond that can maintain high conductivity, which can explain the enhanced capacitive effect of supercapacitor mechanism about accessibility of electrolyte ions. For this, we designed molecularly gap-controlled reduced graphene oxides (rGOs) via diazotization of three different phenyl, biphenyl, and para-terphenyl bis-diazonium salts (BD1-3). The graphene interlayer sub-nanopores of rGO-BD1-3 are 0.49, 0.7, and 0.96 nm, respectively. Surprisingly, the rGO-BD2 0.7 nm gap shows the highest capacitance in 1 M TEABF4 having 0.68 nm size of cation and 6 M KOH having 0.6 nm size of hydrated cation. The maximum energy density and power density of the rGO-BD2 were 129.67 W h kg(-1) and 30.3 kW kg(-1), respectively, demonstrating clearly that the optimized sub-nanopore of the rGO-BDs corresponding to the electrolyte ion size resulted in the best capacitive performance.

A facile method for the synthesis of highly fluorinated reduced graphene oxide from graphene oxide using BF3-OEt2 solution and alkylthiol/alkylamine on the Gram scale has been described using a detailed mechanism. The maximum fluorination was as high as 38 wt% and the fluorinated reduced graphene oxide produced has great wettability and high insulating properties.

The solution-processed fabrication of an azobenzene (ABC10) monolayer-based nonvolatile memory device on a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) electrode is successfully accomplished. Trans--cis isomerizations of ABC10 between two rGO electrodes in a crossbar device are controlled by applied voltage. An rGO soft-contact top electrode plays an important role in the conformational-change-dependent conductance switching process of an ABC10 monolayer.

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a well-established cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). CD8+ T-cells are important for controlling CMV infection. We conducted a prospective pilot study to investigate the clinical utility of measuring the CMV-specific T-cell immune response using the QuantiFERON-CMV assay (QF-CMV) in pediatric allo-HSCT recipients. Overall, 16 of 25 (64%) patients developed CMV infection. QF-CMV was evaluated in these 16 patients during the early and late phases of the first CMV infection post allo-HSCT. Whereas the initial QF-CMV results during the early phase of CMV infection did not correlate with the course of the corresponding infection, the QF-CMV results post resolution of the first CMV infection correlated with the recurrence of CMV infection until 12 months post allo-HSCT; no recurrent infections occurred in the four QF-CMV-positive patients, while recurrent infections manifested in five of eight QF-CMV-negative (62.5%) and all three QF-CMV-indeterminate patients (P=0.019). In spite of the small number of patients examined, this study supports the potential application of monitoring CMV-specific T-cell immunity using the QF-CMV assay to predict the recurrence of CMV infection in pediatric allo-HSCT recipients.

We introduce a facile method to prepare an n-type reduced graphene oxide field effect transistor at room temperature via a typical Benkeser reduction using lithium and ethylenediamine.