Objective. To provide the first population-based data on deafness and hearing impairment (OR = 12.55;

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Chronic suppurative otitis media has been clinically defined as a chronic discharge from the middle ear in the presence of a perforation of the tympanic membrane. However, irreversible tissue pathology in the middle ear or mastoid can occur behind an intact tympanic membrane. One hundred forty-four human temporal bones with chronic otitis media were divided into two groups: those with perforated (28) and those with nonperforated (116) tympanic membranes. The histopathological findings of their middle ears were compared. Granulation tissue in various degrees was the most prominent pathological feature. It was observed in 96% of temporal bones with perforation of the tympanic membrane, and in 97% of those without perforation. Also found were ossicular bony changes (96% with perforation; 90.5% without), middle ear effusion (93% with perforation; 89% without), cholesterol granuloma (21% with perforation; 12% without), cholesteatoma (36% with perforation; 4% without), and tympanosclerosis (43% with perforation; 20% without). This study shows that the histopathological changes of the middle ear are similar in temporal bones with and without perforation of the tympanic membrane. The clinician should, therefore, be aware that an intact tympanic membrane does not necessarily preclude the presence of gross pathological changes of the middle ear cleft.

Objectives: Chronic otitis media is currently associated with an increase in air conduction thresholds. However, a few groups reported a decrease in sensorineural function in these patients. This study evaluates the occurrence of sensorineural hearing loss in patients with chronic otitis media.Methods: The records of patients with unilateral chronic otitis media were reviewed. Eighty-four patients met the inclusion criteria that were normal otoscopy and normal hearing in the contra lateral ear. Bone conduction threshold averages were calculated over 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 3000 Hz and 4000 Hz frequencies. We compared the bone conductions threshold averages between the normal ear and the ear with chronic otitis media. Thresholds were examined separately for each frequency.Results: The bone conduction threshold averages in the normal side were smaller than those of the chronic otitis media ear. The threshold shift was statistically significant in each frequency (P Ͻ 0.001 t Student test) but in 500 Hz (P ϭ 0.16). There were no differences between the groups when we analyzed the role of age or in the role of the cholesteatoma presence in the sensorineural hearing loss.Conclusions: This study shows that chronic otitis media is associated with decrease in cochlear function. Neither the P231

Objectives: Chronic otitis media is currently associated with an increase in air conduction thresholds. However, a few groups reported a decrease in sensorineural function in these patients. This study evaluates the occurrence of sensorineural hearing loss in patients with chronic otitis media.Methods: The records of patients with unilateral chronic otitis media were reviewed. Eighty-four patients met the inclusion criteria that were normal otoscopy and normal hearing in the contra lateral ear. Bone conduction threshold averages were calculated over 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 3000 Hz and 4000 Hz frequencies. We compared the bone conductions threshold averages between the normal ear and the ear with chronic otitis media. Thresholds were examined separately for each frequency.Results: The bone conduction threshold averages in the normal side were smaller than those of the chronic otitis media ear. The threshold shift was statistically significant in each frequency (P Ͻ 0.001 t Student test) but in 500 Hz (P ϭ 0.16). There were no differences between the groups when we analyzed the role of age or in the role of the cholesteatoma presence in the sensorineural hearing loss.Conclusions: This study shows that chronic otitis media is associated with decrease in cochlear function. Neither the P231

Authors debate about cholesteatomas, from the first time this word was employed, by Muller, in 1838, until the recent updates. They dissert about its definition, etiology and pathology and present basic concepts about its biology. They also make a wide review about pediatric cholesteatoma, its epidemiology and biology, and compare it with adult cholesteatoma. Finally, they describe some articles about ossicle chain erosion and its correlation with cholesteatoma perimatrix, collagen and collagenase.

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