Cutaneous manifestations such as chilblain-like acral eruptions, purpuric or erythema multiform-like lesions, acro-ischemic lesions, maculopapular rash, urticaria, and androgenetic alopecia (AGA) pattern hair loss were reported during COVID-19 disease. 1 Androgenetic alopecia during COVID-19 based on a hypothesis that includes a common pathway with SARS-CoV-2 replication in human cells and transcription promoters for androgens. 2 SARS-CoV-2 viral spike proteins undergo proteolytic priming by the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) during entering the type II pneumocytes in the human. Androgens are the only known transcription promoters for the TMPRSS2 gene. 3 In addition, milder disease severity in prepubertal children and adult women has been associated with a low androgen receptor transcription in the literature. 3 Also, the correlation between AGA severity and COVID-19 severity has been observed earlier in the pandemic. 4,5 Rapidly progressive form of alopecia areata has been reported during COVID-19 infection. 6
Cystic echinococcosis (hydatid disease) is a zoonotic parasitic disease, caused by ingestion of Echinococcus granulosus eggs, that can result in cyst formation anywhere on the body. Hydatid disease is frequently seen in regions where there is human-animal contact and poor socioeconomic development. The prevalence of the disease ranges from 0 to 79 cases/100,000 population. Hydatid cysts are typically found in the liver and lungs, being less common in other parts of the body. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is often used in order to clarify the sites affected by a hydatid cyst, such as the cranial and thoracic regions, which also facilitates the surgical evaluation and minimizes complications. Although rare, hydatid cysts in atypical locations can provoke unusual complications, with unpredictable findings and symptoms. This essay discusses the radiological aspects of rare thoracic hydatid cysts.
Objective: To examine the relationship that the types and locations of fractures of the sternum have with mortality and morbidity. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the records of 115 patients diagnosed with fracture of the sternum, due to blunt trauma, between 2007 and 2018. Records of computed tomography studies were obtained from the radiology archive of a tertiary teaching hospital. The type of fracture was classified as linear, displaced, or comminuted, whereas the fracture location was classified as the manubrium, body, or xiphoid process. Results: A total of 108 patients were included in the study. Of those patients, 92 (85.2%) were male and 16 (14.8%) were female. The etiology was a traffic accident in 72 cases (62.6%) and a fall from height in 36 (31.3%). The mean age was 42.1 ± 17.7 years for males and 53.9 ± 20.0 years for females. The mortality rate was 11.1%. Among the 12 deceased patients, the mean age was 44.4 ± 18.3 years. The fracture was located exclusively in the manubrium in 64 patients (59.3%), exclusively in the body of the sternum in 41 (38.0%), and in both locations in three (2.7%), whereas none were located in the xiphoid process. Morbidity rates were higher in the patients with fractures of the manubrium than in those with fractures of the body of the sternum, as was the incidence of accompanying bone fractures and organ injuries. The fracture was linear in 44 patients (40.7%), displaced in 62 (57.4%), and comminuted in 30 (27.8%). The mortality was significantly higher for comminuted fractures than for the other fracture types (p = 0.045; β = 4.40). Conclusion: Fracture of the manubrium can be indicative of the severity of trauma and has a poor prognosis.
Background Ophthalmic artery resistive index (OA RI) was a controversial parameter to show hemodynamic changes due to diabetic retinopathy (DRP). Purpose To investigate the diagnostic and predictive value of resistive and pulsatility index (RI and PI, respectively) of OA and common carotid artery (CCA) for the development of DRP. Material and Methods A total of 60 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 (study group) and 30 healthy participants (control group) were evaluated between January and June 2021 by Doppler ultrasonography (DUS). RI and PI values were compared between groups with a Student’s t-test. Cutoff value, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated for the significant variables with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results In total, there were 20 (22.2%) patients with DM without DRP (DMwoRP), 20 (22.2%) patients in the non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy group (NPDRP), and 20 (22.2%) patients in the proliferative diabetic retinopathy group (PDRP). The mean of CCA RI and OA RI in the PDRP group was significantly higher than in the other three groups ( P < 0.001). The mean of CCA RI and OA RI was significantly higher in the PDRP group than in the NPDRP group, and in the NPDRP group compared to the DMwoRP group. CCA RI and OA RI showed a significantly high correlation (r = 0.849; P < 0.001). Sensitivity was 95% and specificity was 100% for the diagnosis of PDRP for the 0.82 cutoff value of OA RI (AUR = 0.999, 95% confidence interval for AUC = 0.997–0.1000; P < 0.001). Conclusion The OA RI accurately reflects DRP-induced orbital blood flow changes and is a predictive index for DRP prognosis.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.