The recent years have seen numerous developments in the research and headway of graphene, the thinnest two-dimensional nuclear material. Graphene-based materials and their composites have promising applications in an extensive variety of fields; for example, gadgets, biomedical guides, films, adaptable wearable sensors, and actuators. The most recent investigations and movement in this branch of knowledge regularly deliver conflicting or uncertain outcomes. This article evaluates and outlines the distributed information in order to give a basic and complete diagram of the cutting edge. Initially, the particular basic nature of accessible graphene materials is illustrated as well as the distinctive generation methods accessible thus far. The appraisal at that point talks about the different composites that center diverse sub-practical routines; for example, mechanical and aggregate utilitarian applications (e.g., vitality, hardware biomedical, layers, and sensors). The use of graphene and its subsidiaries in the fabricate of nanocomposites with various polymer frameworks has been inspected. And finally, an ending and point of view are given to talking about the rest of the difficulties for graphene nanocomposites in useful science and building.
Use of protocol-based techniques for node estimation in in underwater wireless communication network (UWCN) is very difficult because of the propagation characteristics of underwater environment. Hence, in this thesis, a statistical tool-based estimation process is implemented, and this tool is called crosscorrelation. However, a matter is greatly important that the nodes can the distributed according to different types of distributions. Six different types of distributions called exponential distribution, normal distribution, Rayleigh distribution, gamma distribution, Weibull distribution and chi-squire distribution, are considered with respect to two sensors, as the distribution of numerous nodes.The estimation of nodes at each of these distribution cases is the key work in this thesis. Though the thesis is performed for underwater environment, it can be equally implemented to other network environments such as space communication networks (SCNs), terrestrial communication networks (TCNs), and underground communication networks (UGCNs). In ad hoc type of networks, number of active nodes can vary with time and that's why counting the number of active nodes is very useful for proper operation and maintenance of the networks. The key importance of node estimation of different types of network is given bellow [1].
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