ABSTRACT:Inguinal hernia repair is now one of the most commonly performed general surgical procedures in practice. 'Tension-free repair' is the procedure of choice. [1] due to its low recurrence rate, these tension-free repair procedures can be roughly categorized into two groups: laparoscopic and open anterior approach. TEP is accepted as the most ideal method because it can avoid entry into the peritoneal cavity, which can cause intraperitoneal complication such as bowel injury or obstruction. [2] Among open tension-free methods are Lichtenstein's operation or Prolene hernia system. In this article, we examine the advantages and disadvantages of two extra peritoneal inguinal hernia repair methods, which are open lichenstein's hernioplasty and Laparoscopic Total Extra Peritoneal approaches of inguinal hernia repair. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic and conventional open hernioplasty repair in the treatment of inguinal hernia and their results were studied in terms of operation time, patient comfort, hospital stay, return to normal activity and postoperative complications. METHODS: This study was done in a post-graduate teaching hospital where 50 cases were included. Of which 25 cases were operated by laparoscopic method and other 25 cases by conventional open hernioplasty. Outcome were compared in demographics and perioperative details with postoperative data. CONCLUSION: Since evidence in the literature does not point to either the laparoscopic or open approaches the clear superior procedure, surgeon preference and circumstantial influences will probably continue to dictate the approach employed in inguinal hernia repair. For primary inguinal hernias in general, the open hernioplasty is superior to the laparoscopic technique, both in terms of recurrence rates and in terms of safety whereas in bilateral inguinal hernia, recurrent inguinal hernia and sliding hernia, laparoscopic approach can be recommended.

IntroductionThe extent of surgery for benign thyroid diseases has from subtotal thyroidectomy to total thyroidectomy and it is still a matter of debate. Subtotal thyroidectomy has been the standard procedure for many years. It was thought to be a safe procedure. Risk of recurrent goiter after subtotal thyroidectomy, which ranges from 3% to 43 %

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BACKGROUND:Acute abdominal pain is a common presentation that requires immediate management. It includes traumatic and non-traumatic conditions of abdomen and if not diagnosed and treated promptly in the golden hours, it can lead to high mortality rate. Hence, this study was undertaken to correlate different modes of diagnosis which helps in deciding the immediate line of management proved to be lifesaving. OBJECTIVES: To analyse and compare the efficacy of clinical and radiological methods in early diagnosis of acute abdominal conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This study includes patients admitted in emergency wards of Shadan General and Teaching Hospital, Hyderabad. Total 100 cases were included in this study who presented with acute abdomen. After thorough clinical examination they were subjected to Plain Xray Abdomen and Ultrasonography of abdomen and pelvis. RESULTS: All 100 patients were thoroughly evaluated clinically and subjected to Plain X-ray abdomen with Ultrasonography of abdomen. Acute Abdomen was most common in age group between 20-40 years with male predominance. Acute appendicitis was the most common cause of surgical condition, followed by Peritonitis and then Intestinal Obstruction. The diagnostic accuracy rates in male and female patients were 93% and 80% respectively. Ultrasonography had highest sensitivity rate (97.8%) and plain Xray abdomen had highest specificity rate (88.4%). CONCLUSION: Each of these diagnosing methods in acute abdomen are complementary to each other. With efficient clinical acumen and using ultrasonography and X-ray abdomen as basic diagnostic investigations, one can do early diagnosis with 97% to 99% accuracy and thus can avoid unnecessary operations.

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BACKGROUNDFissure in ano is a common painful anorectal condition with high recurrence rates. It is commonly seen due to sedentary lifestyle, which involves prolonged sitting posture, mental stress, low fiber diet and lack of physical activity which causes chronic constipation. Irrespective to whichever modality of existing therapies that are used, the recurrences are common. The traditional surgical option like lateral internal sphincterotomy, which has been into practice since long time carries risk of incontinence. It is a need of an hour to rely on a treatment modality which should be simple, safe, effective and reversible with no permanent sequelae. In this study chemical sphincterotomy using injection, Botulinum toxin gives an alternative modality and proved to be the most safe and reliable non-operative option for treating both acute and chronic fissure in ano.

The presence of two ectopic foci of thyroid tissue in a single patient is an uncommon presentation. Ectopic thyroid reportedly has a low incidence. We are reporting here a case of dual ectopic thyroid present in the lingual and sub hyoid region in a 33 years old lady with short stature and hypothyroidism. Ultrasonography of the neck had revealed no thyroid gland in its normal anatomical position. The presence of ectopic thyroid tissue in the lingual and sub hyoid region were confirmed with a technetium-99m sodium per technetate thyroid scan.