In this study, we investigated the effect of Mn doping on the structural properties of barium-zinc ferrites (BZF-NPs) synthesized using the traditional ceramic method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze the structural characteristics of the BZF-NPs, including the structural phases, crystallite size, and lattice parameters. In addition, various physical properties, such as bulk density, X-ray density, porosity, and specific surface area, were investigated. The XRD analysis of the samples revealed that the lattice parameters of the hexagonal M-type structure of the BZF-NPs decreased as the concentration of Mn+2 ions increased. In addition, the average crystallite size of the samples decreased from 52 to 42 nm with increasing Mn+2 concentration. The c/a parameter ratio indicates the formation of a magneto-plumbite structure. Moreover, we found that both the X-ray and bulk densities increased with increasing Mn+2 concentration. This behavior can be attributed to the difference in ionic radii between the donor Mn+2 ions and the host Fe+3 and Zn+2 ions. However, it was observed that the porosity increased with increasing Mn+2 concentration, in contrast to the bulk density behavior. Furthermore, it was observed that as the crystallite size increased, the surface area decreased. This trend can be attributed to the fact that larger crystallites have fewer surface atoms. Finally, it was noted that the bond lengths for both tetrahedral and octahedral structures decreased with increasing Mn2+ ion concentration. Overall, these results provide insights into the impact of Mn+2 ion doping on the structural and physical properties of BZF-NPs and highlight the potential applications of these materials in various fields.
In the current study, w-type BNF-NPs synthesis via ceramic method.the effects of zinc ions doping on the physical properties of BNF-NPs were analyzed. The formation of BNF-NPs emphasized by XRD, FTIR, UV-Visible spectroscopy and electrical conductivity measurement. The phases structure , crysttallite size and lattice parameters wrere evaluated using XRD results. Hexagonal structure with a single phase apeares, the average grain size was found to be in Nano scale from 32 to 34 nm, while the lattice parameters increased slolly as the doping concentration of zinc ions increases. The spectra of FTIR showed main absorption bands which confirmed formation of hexagonal ferrite phase. UV-VIS analysis was also performed and found that the band gaps were in the semiconducting region and increased with increasing zinc concentration. The AC conductivity of the samples decreased with increasing zinc content and showed a dependence on the frequency and temperature. Additionally, as frequency increase the σac conductivity showed dispersion that decreased as temperature increased.dispersion decreases as the temperature increases.
Sn–5wt%Sb is one of the materials considered for replacing Pb-bearing alloys in electronic packaging. The mechanical response of Sn–5wt% Sb solder alloy has been tested under different strain rates and three deformation temperatures. The behavior of true strain–time of Sn–5wt% Sb solder alloy has been investigated over strain rates of and deformation temperatures of 313, 333, and 353 K. Three-load creep tests were carried out at each temperature for of the wire samples to alloys. The deformation behavior and grain growth mechanism were investigated by strain-time curve analysis and microstructure observations. The results obtained show that the general characteristics of strain-time curve and microstructure of Sn-5wt% Sb alloy sensitively depend on the deformation temperature and strain rate. New free grains have been nucleated in microstructures in the process of dynamic recrystallization. These grains grow during deformation, forming coarser structure and elongation. The dynamic recrystallization and grain growth increase with increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate. From the steady state creep rate the stress exponent is described in terms of the heat treatment temperatures. The stress exponent (n) were determined to clarify the deformation mechanism. Based on the n values, it is suggested that the rate controlling creep-deformation mechanism is dislocation climb. This study revealed that the solder alloy Sn–5wt%Sb have potential to give a good combination of higher creep resistance and rupture time.
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