This study is aimed to investigate the impact of senior management support, employees’ involvement and open corporate culture on the motivation of employees in the education sector of Pakistan. To collect the primary data, a self-administrated questionnaire is used while for secondary data collection research journals and articles are used. The sample size of this study consists of two hundred employees (hundred from public and hundred from private institutes). SPSS is used for measuring the association between variables and to see the impact of senior management support, open corporate culture, and involvement of employees on the motivation of employees. Correlation analysis and regression analysis are used to test the hypothesis of the research model. The motivation of the employees mainly depends upon senior management support and employees' involvement in decision making. Findings of the results support hypothesis 1, 2 & 3 while disproving hypothesis 4. Senior management support and employees’ involvement in decision making have a significant and positive impact on the motivation of employees. And the open corporate culture has no meaningful impact on employees’ motivation.
The goal of this study is to determine and compare the degree of OER usage, the influences on OER use, and the opinions of OER use by business school and health science school teachers at leading universities in Pakistan. Two business schools and two schools of health sciences from various institutions were included in our study. Using the questionnaire approach, information is gathered from a sample of 80 respondents from two prestigious institutions. The findings of the data show that teachers at business schools utilize digital and OER resources more frequently than those in health science institutions and possess advanced technical abilities. The teachers of business school also show more positive perceptions about the use of different OER with the lectures as supporting material than the health science schools. Keywords: Questionnaire, OER (Open Educational Resources), adherence, perception.
Abstract-Software testing is considered one of the most expensive and critical phases of the software development. Formal testing approaches are extensively used for verifying the conformance of implementations to a given specification. These formal approaches usually generate a large amount of input test data which is costly in terms of time and effort. Techniques for reducing test input data are thus of the utmost importance. The contribution of this paper is to propose a framework for the reduction of test input data generated by a formal testing approach based on X-Machines.To achieve these objectives we have applied a well known statistical approach called Random Cluster Sampling on the test case set generated by a formal approach X-Machines. To exemplify our technique we have generated a test set for an X-Machine Microwave oven specification and then drew a sample from the test set by using the Random Cluster sampling technique. Based on the tolerated fault rate we have extracted conclusion about the accuracy of implementation.
To determine the role of Spin90 in lymphocyte trafficking into the peritoneal cavity, we checked changes of the peritoneal cell population in Spin90 deficient mouse compared to the population in wild-type littermate control mouse. As a result, we found that B220+ cell population is increased in peritoneal cavity of Spin90 deficient mouse. In addition, our results showed that B220+CD23low, B220+IgMhighIgDlow B1 cells were high in Spin 90 deficient mouse as compared to wild-type littermate control. However, we found that the difference was not caused by lymphocyte developments because there were no significant differences observed in the lymphocyte population of bone marrow, thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs i.e. Spleen Lymph nodes. Our data suggest that Spin 90 could be responsible for B1 B lymphocyte migration into peritoneal cavity or into periphery from the cavity.
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