This study aims to develop a financial stability index for the Pakistani financial sector by using the financial reports for the period of 2001–2011. Specifically, we constructed three different classes of indices in this study based on a variance-equal weighted approach, a linear probability approach, and a logistic approach. We also assessed the prediction accuracy of the financial stability index. All indices indicated that profitability, liquid liability to the liquid asset, non-performing loan, uncovered liabilities, interest spread and inter-fund to liquid liabilities variables contribute significantly to the determination of financial stress of commercial banks. We also compared the results of indices computed with different methodologies—among them was the index constructed by employing coefficients of the logistic model and which performed outstandingly in predicting distressed and non-distressed banks. Moreover, the findings of this study suggest that in regard to return on assets and return on equity, when employed in a stepwise manner for developing the financial stability index, the results are similar in the sense that both profitability indicators have the same behavior. Finally, we conclude that the financial stability indices developed in this study could help decision makers to detect and avoid instability in the future.
Introduction: Blood transfusion is a potentially life-saving procedure that replaces the blood lost either during surgery or after injury. It also serves as a mean of replacing blood in the patients who cannot replenish enough blood for their own body. Donors come from all walks of life with established lifestyle. A detailed questionnaire along with verbal screening and general physical examination should be performed in all blood donors before labeling them unsuitable for donation. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of verbal screening in addition to uniform donor questionnaire as a routine pre-donation protocol for donor selection and deferral. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a regional blood bank in Northern Pakistan over a period of six months from January 2021 to June 2021. The blood donors who were deferred after assessment by uniform donor questionnaire (UDQ), verbal screening and general physical examination were critically analyzed. The causes of deferral were noted. The data was analyzed by using SPSS Version 23. Results: A total of 400 blood donors were deferred during the study period. Their ages ranged from 25 to 40 years with a median age of 29 years. Majority of them were males (97.5%). Among these, 332 were deferred on uniform donor questionnaire, 48 on verbal screening and 20 on general physical examination. Conclusion: Assessment of blood donors by verbal interview as an adjunct to donor questionnaire is very effective in donor selection and deferral process and should be made a mandatory part of pre-donation blood donor selection protocol. Keywords: Transfusion, uniform donor questionnaire, verbal screening
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