Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of renal artery Doppler in diagnosis of secondary hypertension among cardiac patients. Study Design: Analytical Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The present study was performed at Tertiary Care Center, Rawalpindi from Jan 2019 to July 2019. Methodology: The study comprised of 50 patients with age range of 12-75 years with 90% confidence interval and 10% margin of error with prevalence of hypertension in Pakistan as 26.34%12. The study population included hypertensive patients referred for Doppler assessment of renal artery stenosis (RAS), in order to assess secondary cause of hypertension. The patients underwent angiography of kidneys within 14 days following Doppler assessment of RAS. The positive and negative outcome was presented as frequencies and percentages. The mean age was depicted as means ± standard deviation. The diagnostic features of specificity, sensitivity, negative predictive value and positive predictive values were calculated through a 2x2 table with angiographic findings considered as gold standard. Results: In only 4(8%) patients bilaterally raised resistive index (RI) were evident. The diagnostic attributes of Doppler showed sensitivity of 48%, positive predictive value of 100% and diagnostic accuracy of 48%. Conclusion: The role of renal artery Doppler in evaluating secondary hypertension has been over estimated. Thus, its application needs to be restricted for elderly patients to minimize time and cost expenses.
A non invasive ultrasound technique has been proposed as a mean of detection of early fibrosis by measuring changes in the diameter of the hepatic inferior vena cava (IVC). Objectives: To determine the mean diameter of hepatic portion of inferior vena cava and mean reduction in its diameter by inspiration in normal and cirrhotic patients using USG. Study Design: Case control study. Methodology: This study (n=60) was conducted after ethical review committee’s (ERC) approval from April-October 2018 at Department of Radiology, Military Hospital Rawalpindi. Patients with stage 5 and 6 of cirrhosis were taken as cases. Controls had sonographically normal livers. The maximal diameter of IVC was measured during normal breathing first followed by a deep breath. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed by SPSS, v-20. Parameters were measured by applying t-test with p≤0.05 as significant. Results: The IVC diameter during deep inspiration was 1.217±0.168 cm and 1.711±0.422 cm among controls and cirrhotic cases respectively (p= 0.00). The mean IVC diameter decrease was 1.02±0.25 cm and 0.03±0.02 cm by inspiration among controls and cases respectively having statistically significant p-value (<0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that stiffness of the hepatic parenchyma have caused the physiological changes in the diameter of IVC enhanced by deep respiration. Thus, it can be used as a tool for evaluation of cirrhotic patients. Key Words: Cirrhosis, Hepatic Portion of Inferior Vena Cava, Liver and Sonography
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.